Christine McDonald, ScD, MS

Education
Postdoctoral fellowship, 10/2014 - Global nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital
ScD, 05/2012 - Nutritional Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health
MSc, 05/2007 - Food Policy and Applied Nutrition, Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy
BSc, 04/2004 - Food, Nutrition, and Health (Clinical Dietetics), University of British Columbia

  1. McDonald CM, Agbemafle I, Woldeyohannes M, Tessema M, Fereja M, Assefa T, Arnold CD, Tesfaye B, Goh YE, Arabi M, Martinez H, Brown KH. Comparison of methods for estimating discretionary salt intake among females of reproductive age in Oromia region, Ethiopia. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2025. PMID: 40306385


  2. Thompson L, Goh YE, Jamwal M, Singh BL, Brar GK, Arnold CD, Westcott J, Krebs NF, Zivkovic A, Das R, Duggal M, McDonald CM. The Effect of Quintuply-Fortified Salt on the Gut Microbiome of Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Punjab, India: A Substudy of a Randomized, Community-Based Trial. The Journal of nutrition 2025. PMID: 40246238


  3. Thompson L, Arnold C, Peerson J, Long JM, Westcott JLE, Islam MM, Black RE, Krebs NF, McDonald CM. Predictors of Anaemia Among Young Children Receiving Daily Micronutrient Powders (MNPs) for 24 Weeks in Bangladesh: A Secondary Analysis of the Zinc in Powders Trial. Maternal & child nutrition 2025. PMID: 39925177


  4. Tesfaye B, Tessema M, Arnold CD, Kebebe T, Zeru T, Assefa T, Woldeyohannes M, Tollera G, Koning M, Martinez H, McDonald CM, Brown KH. Double Fortified Salt Containing Iodine and Folic Acid and Triple Fortified Salt Containing Iodine, Folic Acid, and Vitamin B12 Are Acceptable to Ethiopian Women of Reproductive Age. Food science & nutrition 2025. PMID: 39886523


  5. Agbemafle I, Woldeyohannes M, Tessema M, Fereja M, Arnold CD, Banjaw BT, Hussen A, Kebebe T, Goh YE, Arabi M, Martinez H, McDonald CM, Brown KH. Assessment of Women's Discretionary Salt Intake and Household Salt Utilization in Preparation for a Salt Fortification Trial in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Maternal & child nutrition 2024. PMID: 39673143


  6. Brown KH, Tessema M, McDonald CM, Agbemafle I, Woldeyohannes M, Fereja M, Nane D, Arnold CD, Waka FC, Tesfaye B, Arabi M, Martinez H. Protocol for a community-based, household-randomised, dose-response trial to assess the acceptability, nutritional effects and safety of double-fortified salt containing iodine and folic acid compared with iodised salt among non-pregnant Ethiopian women o BMJ open 2024. PMID: 39477275


  7. Cheung T, McDonald C, Setty M, Tsai P, Wadhwani SI. Social Adversities Associate with Worse Disease Control in Pediatric Celiac Disease. The Journal of pediatrics 2024. PMID: 39293560


  8. McDonald CM, Wessells KR, Stewart CP, Dewey KG, de Pee S, Rana R, Hafeez-Ur-Rehman H, Mwangi MN, Hess SY. Perinatal intervention strategies providing food with micronutrients to pregnant and breastfeeding women in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review. Maternal & child nutrition 2024. PMID: 38949186


  9. Wessells KR, Manger MS, Tsang BL, Brown KH, McDonald CM. Mandatory large-scale food fortification programmes can reduce the estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake by up to 50% globally. Nature food 2024. PMID: 38898330


  10. Goh YE, Manger MS, Duggal M, Das R, Saklani S, Agarwal S, Budhija D, Jamwal M, Singh BL, Dahiya N, Luo H, Long JM, Westcott J, Krebs NF, Gibson RS, Brown KH, McDonald CM. Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention. Nutrients 2023. PMID: 37447352


  11. Adams KP, Jarvis M, Vosti SA, Manger MS, Tarini A, Som? JW, Somda H, McDonald CM. Estimating the cost and cost-effectiveness of adding zinc to, and improving the performance of, Burkina Faso's mandatory wheat flour fortification programme. Maternal & child nutrition 2023. PMID: 37021818


  12. Khara T, Myatt M, Sadler K, Bahwere P, Berkley JA, Black RE, Boyd E, Garenne M, Isanaka S, Lelijveld N, McDonald C, Mertens A, Mwangome M, O'Brien K, Stobaugh H, Taneja S, West KP, Briend A. Anthropometric criteria for best identifying children at high risk of mortality: a pooled analysis of 12 cohorts. Public health nutrition 2023. PMID: 36734049


  13. Briend A, Myatt M, Berkley JA, Black RE, Boyd E, Garenne M, Lelijveld N, Isanaka S, McDonald CM, Mwangwome M, O'Brien KS, Schwinger C, Stobaugh H, Taneja S, West KP, Khara T. Prognostic value of different anthropometric indices over different measurement intervals to predict mortality in 6-59-month-old children. Public health nutrition 2023. PMID: 36722310


  14. Islam MM, Black RE, Krebs NF, Westcott J, Long JM, Islam KM, Peerson JM, Sthity RA, Khandaker AM, Hasan M, El Arifeen S, Ahmed T, King JC, McDonald CM. Effects of Different Doses, Forms, and Frequencies of Zinc Supplementation on Biomarkers of Iron and Zinc Status among Young Children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Nutrients 2022. PMID: 36558493


  15. McDonald CM, Black RE, Krebs NF, Islam MM. Reply to R Pullakhandam et al. The Journal of nutrition 2022. PMID: 35939363


  16. Thurstans S, Wrottesley SV, Fenn B, Khara T, Bahwere P, Berkley JA, Black RE, Boyd E, Garenne M, Isanaka S, Lelijveld N, McDonald CM, Mertens A, Mwangome M, O'Brien KS, Stobaugh H, Taneja S, West KP, Guerrero S, Kerac M, Briend A, Myatt M. Anthropometric deficits and the associated risk of death by age and sex in children aged 6-59 months: A meta-analysis. Maternal & child nutrition 2022. PMID: 36164997


  17. McDonald CM, Brown KH, Goh YE, Manger MS, Arnold CD, Krebs NF, Westcott J, Long JM, Gibson RS, Jamwal M, Singh BL, Dahiya N, Budhija D, Das R, Duggal M. Quintuply-fortified salt for the improvement of micronutrient status among women of reproductive age and preschool-aged children in Punjab, India: protocol for a randomized, controlled, community-based trial. BMC nutrition 2022. PMID: 36068647


  18. Wastney ME, Long JM, McDonald CM, Krebs NF, Islam MM, Ahmed T, Khandaker AM, Sthity RA, Westcott JE, King JC. Zinc kinetics correlate with length-for-age z scores in Bangladeshi infants. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2022. PMID: 35836322


  19. Nagata JM, Bojorquez-Ramirez P, Nguyen A, Ganson KT, McDonald CM, Machen VI, Downey A, Buckelew SM, Garber AK. Sex differences and associations between zinc deficiency and anemia among hospitalized adolescents and young adults with eating disorders. 2022. PMID: 35624393


  20. Manger MS, Brown KH, Osendarp SJM, Atkin RA, McDonald CM. Barriers to and Enablers of the Inclusion of Micronutrient Biomarkers in National Surveys and Surveillance Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. 2022. PMID: 35631149


  21. McDonald CM, Manger MS, Krebs NF. Correspondence on article by Pullakhandam et al. Reference cut-offs to define low serum zinc concentrations in healthy 1-19-year-old Indian children and adolescents. 2022. PMID: 35523867


  22. Islam MM, Black RE, Krebs NF, Westcott J, Long J, Islam KM, Peerson JM, Sthity RA, Khandaker AM, Hasan M, Arifeen SEL, Ahmed T, King JC, McDonald CM. Different Doses, Forms, and Frequencies of Zinc Supplementation for the Prevention of Diarrhea and Promotion of Linear Growth among Young Bangladeshi Children: A Six-arm, Randomized, Community-based Efficacy Trial. 2022. PMID: 35015856


  23. Wuehler S, Lopez de Romaña D, Haile D, McDonald CM, Brown KH. Reconsidering the Tolerable Upper Levels of Zinc Intake among Infants and Young Children: A Systematic Review of the Available Evidence. 2022. PMID: 35565906


  24. Suh JH, Zyba SJ, Shigenaga M, McDonald CM, King JC. Marginal Zinc Deficiency Alters Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism in Healthy Men. 2021. PMID: 34919682


  25. Matthias D, McDonald CM, Archer N, Engle-Stone R. The Role of Multiply-Fortified Table Salt and Bouillon in Food Systems Transformation. 2022. PMID: 35267964


  26. Haile D, Brown KH, McDonald CM, Luo H, Jarvis M, Teta I, Ndjebayi A, Martial GAJ, Vosti SA, Engle-Stone R. Applying Zinc Nutrient Reference Values as Proposed by Different Authorities Results in Large Differences in the Estimated Prevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake by Young Children and Women and in Cameroon. 2022. PMID: 35215534


  27. Long JM, Khandaker AM, Sthity RA, Westcott JE, Matveev A, Black RE, King JC, Islam KM, El Arifeen S, Ahmed T, Islam MM, McDonald CM, Krebs NF. Exchangeable Zinc Pool Size Reflects Form of Zinc Supplementation in Young Children and Is Not Associated with Markers of Inflammation. 2022. PMID: 35276840


  28. Hayman T, Hickey P, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Bennett C, Ataide R, Sthity RA, Khandaker AM, Islam KM, Stracke K, Yassi N, Watson R, Long J, Westcott J, Krebs NF, King JC, Black RE, Islam MM, McDonald CM, Pasricha SR. Zinc Supplementation with or without Additional Micronutrients Does Not Affect Peripheral Blood Gene Expression or Serum Cytokine Level in Bangladeshi Children. 2021. PMID: 34684517


  29. Tsang BL, Holsted E, McDonald CM, Brown KH, Black R, Mbuya MNN, Grant F, Rowe LA, Manger MS. Effects of Foods Fortified with Zinc, Alone or Cofortified with Multiple Micronutrients, on Health and Functional Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2021. PMID: 34167148


  30. Brown KH, Moore SE, Hess SY, McDonald CM, Jones KS, Meadows SR, Manger MS, Coates J, Alayon S, Osendarp SJM. Increasing the availability and utilization of reliable data on population micronutrient (MN) status globally: the MN Data Generation Initiative. 2021. PMID: 34036318


  31. Hall AG, King JC, McDonald CM. Comparison of Serum, Plasma, and Liver Zinc Measurements by AAS, ICP-OES, and ICP-MS in Diverse Laboratory Settings. 2021. PMID: 34453311


  32. Brown KH, McDonald CM, Wessells KR, Hess SY. Testing metal, proving mettle-findings from the 2016-2018 India Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey regarding the prevalence of low serum zinc concentrations among children and adolescents, and their implications for public health. 2021. PMID: 33963741


  33. Liong EM, McDonald CM, Suh J, Westcott JL, Wong CP, Signorell C, King JC. Zinc-Biofortified Wheat Intake and Zinc Status Biomarkers in Men: Randomized Controlled Trial. 2021. PMID: 34036355


  34. Tarini A, Manger MS, Brown KH, Mbuya MNN, Rowe LA, Grant F, Black RE, McDonald CM. Enablers and Barriers of Zinc Fortification; Experience from 10 Low- and Middle-Income Countries with Mandatory Large-Scale Food Fortification. 2021. PMID: 34203987


  35. Greffeuille V, Fortin S, Gibson R, Rohner F, Williams A, Young MF, Houghton L, Ou J, Dijkhuizen MA, Wirth JP, Lander RL, McDonald CM, Suchdev PS, Berger J, Wieringa FT. Associations between Zinc and Hemoglobin Concentrations in Preschool Children and Women of Reproductive Age: An Analysis of Representative Survey Data from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) Project. 2021. PMID: 33693923


  36. McDonald CM, Suchdev PS, Krebs NF, Hess SY, Wessells KR, Ismaily S, Rahman S, Wieringa FT, Williams AM, Brown KH, King JC. Adjusting plasma or serum zinc concentrations for inflammation: Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project. 2020. PMID: 32266402


  37. McDonald CM, Ackatia-Armah RS, Doumbia S, Brown KH. Reply to C Fabiansen et al. 2019. PMID: 31792544


  38. Gomes F, Bourassa MW, Adu-Afarwuah S, Ajello C, Bhutta ZA, Black R, Catarino E, Chowdhury R, Dalmiya N, Dwarkanath P, Engle-Stone R, Gernand AD, Goudet S, Hoddinott J, Kaestel P, Manger MS, McDonald CM, Mehta S, Moore SE, Neufeld LM, Osendarp S, Ramachandran P, Rasmussen KM, Stewart C, Sudfeld C, West K, Bergeron G. Setting research priorities on multiple micronutrient supplementation in pregnancy. 2019. PMID: 31696532


  39. Sania A, Sudfeld CR, Danaei G, Fink G, McCoy DC, Zhu Z, Fawzi MCS, Akman M, Arifeen SE, Barros AJD, Bellinger D, Black MM, Bogale A, Braun JM, van den Broek N, Carrara V, Duazo P, Duggan C, Fernald LCH, Gladstone M, Hamadani J, Handal AJ, Harlow S, Hidrobo M, Kuzawa C, Kvestad I, Locks L, Manji K, Masanja H, Matijasevich A, McDonald C, McGready R, Rizvi A, Santos D, Santos L, Save D, Shapiro R, Stoecker B, Strand TA, Taneja S, Tellez-Rojo MM, Tofail F, Yousafzai AK, Ezzati M, Fawzi W. Early life risk factors of motor, cognitive and language development: a pooled analysis of studies from low/middle-income countries. 2019. PMID: 31585969


  40. McDonald CM, Ackatia-Armah RS, Doumbia S, Kupka R, Duggan CP, Brown KH. Percent Fat Mass Increases with Recovery, But Does Not Vary According to Dietary Therapy in Young Malian Children Treated for Moderate Acute Malnutrition. 2019. PMID: 30968123


  41. Isanaka S, Barnhart DA, McDonald CM, Ackatia-Armah RS, Kupka R, Doumbia S, Brown KH, Menzies NA. Cost-effectiveness of community-based screening and treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in Mali. 2019. PMID: 31139441


  42. Lauer JM, McDonald CM, Kisenge R, Aboud S, Fawzi WW, Liu E, Tran HQ, Gewirtz AT, Manji KP, Duggan CP. Markers of Systemic Inflammation and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Are Not Reduced by Zinc or Multivitamins in Tanzanian Infants: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. 2019. PMID: 30952509


  43. Blakstad MM, Smith ER, Etheredge A, Locks LM, McDonald CM, Kupka R, Kisenge R, Aboud S, Bellinger D, Sudfeld CR, Fawzi WW, Manji K, Duggan CP. Nutritional, Socioeconomic, and Delivery Characteristics Are Associated with Neurodevelopment in Tanzanian Children. 2018. PMID: 30559023


  44. McLean J, Northrup-Lyons M, Reid RJ, Smith L, Ho K, Mucumbitsi A, Kayumba J, Omwega A, McDonald C, Schauer C, Zlotkin S. From evidence to national scale: An implementation framework for micronutrient powders in Rwanda. 2018. PMID: 30426670


  45. Syed S, Manji KP, McDonald CM, Kisenge R, Aboud S, Sudfeld C, Locks L, Liu E, Fawzi WW, Duggan CP. Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation and Growth in Early Infancy are Associated with Stunting in Young Tanzanian Children. 2018. PMID: 30149537


  46. Etheredge AJ, Manji K, Kellogg M, Tran H, Liu E, McDonald CM, Kisenge R, Aboud S, Fawzi W, Bellinger D, Gewirtz AT, Duggan CP. Markers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Are Associated With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Tanzanian Children. 2018. PMID: 29613921


  47. Wastney ME, McDonald CM, King JC. A dynamic model for predicting growth in zinc-deficient stunted infants given supplemental zinc. 2018. PMID: 29722842


  48. Islam MM, McDonald CM, Krebs NF, Westcott J, Rahman AE, El Arifeen S, Ahmed T, King JC, Black RE. Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Community-Based Efficacy Trial of Various Doses of Zinc in Micronutrient Powders or Tablets in Young Bangladeshi Children. 2018. PMID: 30720778


  49. Smith ER, Locks LM, Manji KP, McDonald CM, Kupka R, Kisenge R, Aboud S, Fawzi WW, Duggan CP. Delayed Breastfeeding Initiation Is Associated with Infant Morbidity. 2017. PMID: 29173323


  50. Locks LM, Mwiru RS, Mtisi E, Manji KP, McDonald CM, Liu E, Kupka R, Kisenge R, Aboud S, Gosselin K, Gillman M, Gewirtz AT, Fawzi WW, Duggan CP. Infant Nutritional Status and Markers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction are Associated with Midchildhood Anthropometry and Blood Pressure in Tanzania. 2017. PMID: 28499715


  51. Gosselin KB, Aboud S, McDonald CM, Moyo S, Khavari N, Manji K, Kisenge R, Fawzi W, Kellogg M, Tran HQ, Kibiki G, Gratz J, Liu J, Gewirtz A, Houpt E, Duggan C. Etiology of Diarrhea, Nutritional Outcomes, and Novel Intestinal Biomarkers in Tanzanian Infants. 2017. PMID: 27347720


  52. Locks LM, Manji KP, Kupka R, Liu E, Kisenge R, McDonald CM, Aboud S, Wang M, Fawzi WW, Duggan CP. High Burden of Morbidity and Mortality but Not Growth Failure in Infants Exposed to but Uninfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Tanzania. 2016. PMID: 27829511


  53. Locks LM, Manji KP, McDonald CM, Kupka R, Kisenge R, Aboud S, Wang M, Bellinger DC, Fawzi WW, Duggan CP. The effect of daily zinc and/or multivitamin supplements on early childhood development in Tanzania: results from a randomized controlled trial. 2016. PMID: 27189038


  54. Menon P, McDonald CM, Chakrabarti S. Estimating the cost of delivering direct nutrition interventions at scale: national and subnational level insights from India. 2016. PMID: 27187914


  55. McDonald CM, Manji KP, Gosselin K, Tran H, Liu E, Kisenge R, Aboud S, Fawzi WW, Gewirtz AT, Duggan CP. Elevations in serum anti-flagellin and anti-LPS Igs are related to growth faltering in young Tanzanian children. 2016. PMID: 27121948


  56. Locks LM, Manji KP, McDonald CM, Kupka R, Kisenge R, Aboud S, Wang M, Fawzi WW, Duggan CP. Effect of zinc and multivitamin supplementation on the growth of Tanzanian children aged 6-84 wk: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. 2016. PMID: 26817503


  57. McDonald CM, Manji KP, Kisenge R, Aboud S, Spiegelman D, Fawzi WW, Duggan CP. Daily Zinc but Not Multivitamin Supplementation Reduces Diarrhea and Upper Respiratory Infections in Tanzanian Infants: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. 2015. PMID: 26203094


  58. Ackatia-Armah RS, McDonald CM, Doumbia S, Erhardt JG, Hamer DH, Brown KH. Malian children with moderate acute malnutrition who are treated with lipid-based dietary supplements have greater weight gains and recovery rates than those treated with locally produced cereal-legume products: a community-based, cluster-randomized trial 2015. PMID: 25733649


  59. McDonald CM, McLean J, Kroeun H, Talukder A, Lynd LD, Green TJ. Correlates of household food insecurity and low dietary diversity in rural Cambodia. 2015. PMID: 26693758


  60. Manji KP, McDonald CM, Kupka R, Bosch RJ, Kisenge R, Aboud S, Bellinger DC, Fawzi WW, Duggan CP. Effect of multivitamin supplementation on the neurodevelopment of HIV-exposed Tanzanian infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 2014. PMID: 24567309


  61. Olofin I, McDonald CM, Ezzati M, Flaxman S, Black RE, Fawzi WW, Caulfield LE, Danaei G, Nutrition Impact Model Study (anthropometry cohort pooling). Associations of suboptimal growth with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in children under five years: a pooled analysis of ten prospective studies. 2013. PMID: 23734210


  62. McDonald CM, Olofin I, Flaxman S, Fawzi WW, Spiegelman D, Caulfield LE, Black RE, Ezzati M, Danaei G, Nutrition Impact Model Study. The effect of multiple anthropometric deficits on child mortality: meta-analysis of individual data in 10 prospective studies from developing countries. 2013. PMID: 23426036


  63. McDonald CM, Manji KP, Kupka R, Bellinger DC, Spiegelman D, Kisenge R, Msamanga G, Fawzi WW, Duggan CP. Stunting and wasting are associated with poorer psychomotor and mental development in HIV-exposed Tanzanian infants. 2012. PMID: 23256148


  64. McDonald CM, Baylin A, Arsenault JE, Mora-Plazas M, Villamor E. Overweight is more prevalent than stunting and is associated with socioeconomic status, maternal obesity, and a snacking dietary pattern in school children from Bogota, Colombia. 2008. PMID: 19106320


  65. McDonald CM, Karamlou T, Wengle JG, Gibson J, McCrindle BW. Nutrition and exercise environment available to outpatients, visitors, and staff in Children's hospitals in Canada and the United States. 2006. PMID: 16953013