Michael Brook, MD

Dr. Michael Brook is a pediatric cardiologist whose focus is echocardiography (using ultrasound to examine the heart). He is particularly interested in transesophageal and contrast echocardiography, and in using echocardiography to assess the function of the heart's ventricles (the lower chambers). He also is interested in digital echocardiography and in computer applications of cardiology. He serves as director of UCSF's pediatric echocardiography laboratory.

Brook earned his medical degree from the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. He completed a general pediatrics residency at Children's Wisconsin hospital and a postdoctoral fellowship in pediatric cardiology at UCSF. He joined the UCSF faculty in 1992.
Education
Fellowship, 1992 - Pediatric Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco
Residency, 1989 - Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
M.D., 1986 - School of Medicine, University of Wisconsin
Websites

  1. Nawaytou H, Springston C, Lazar A, Keller S, Hogan W, Cresalia N, Peyvandi S, Cocalis M, Moon-Grady A, Brook M. A Measurement-Based Protocol Improves Inter-Rater Agreement And Accuracy of Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Assessment by Echocardiography in Children: A Call for Quality Improvement. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2022. PMID: 35840083


  2. Hogan WJ, Moon-Grady AJ, Zhao Y, Cresalia NM, Nawaytou H, Quezada E, Brook M, McQuillen P, Peyvandi S. Fetal?cerebrovascular response to maternal hyperoxygenation in congenital heart disease: effect of cardiac physiology. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021. PMID: 32202689


  3. Puchalski MD, Lui GK, Miller-Hance WC, Brook MM, Young LT, Bhat A, Roberson DA, Mercer-Rosa L, Miller OI, Parra DA, Burch T, Carron HD, Wong PC. Guidelines for Performing a Comprehensive Transesophageal Echocardiographic: Examination in Children and All Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: Recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2018. PMID: 30579694


  4. Fleming GM, Brook MM, Herman BE, Kennedy C, McGann KA, Mason KE, Weiss P, Myers AL. Recommended Protected Time for Pediatric Fellowship Program Directors: A Needs Assessment Survey. Academic pediatrics 2016. PMID: 27150512


  5. Byrne FA, Keller RL, Meadows J, Miniati D, Brook MM, Silverman NH, Moon-Grady AJ. Severe left diaphragmatic hernia limits size of fetal left heart more than does right diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015. PMID: 25597867


  6. Nawaytou HM, Peyvandi S, Brook MM, Silverman N, Moon-Grady AJ. Right Ventricular Systolic-to-Diastolic Time Index: Hypoplastic Left Heart Fetuses Differ Significantly from Normal Fetuses. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2015. PMID: 26394829


  7. Peyvandi S, Feldstein VA, Hirose S, Rand L, Brook MM, Moon-Grady AJ. Twin-reversed arterial perfusion sequence associated with decreased fetal cerebral vascular impedance. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015. PMID: 25157457


  8. Ross RD, Brook M, Feinstein JA, Koenig P, Lang P, Spicer R, Vincent JA, Lewis AB, Martin GR, Bartz PJ, Fischbach PS, Fulton DR, Matherne GP, Reinking B, Srivastava S, Printz B, Geva T, Shirali GS, Weinberg P, Wong PC, Armsby LB, Vincent RN, Foerster SR, Holzer RJ, Moore JW, Marshall AC, Latson L, Dubin AM, Walsh EP, Franklin W, Kanter RJ, Saul JP, Shah MJ, Van Hare GF, Feltes TF, Roth SJ, Almodovar MC, Andropoulos DB, Bohn DJ, Costello JM, Gajarski RJ, Mott AR, Stout K, Valente AM, Cook S, Gurvitz M, Saidi A, Webber SA, Hsu DT, Ivy DD, Kulik TJ, Pahl E, Rosenthal DN, Morrow R, Mahle WT, Murphy AM, Li JS, Law YM, Newburger JW, Daniels SR, Bernstein D, Marino BS. 2015 SPCTPD/ACC/AAP/AHA Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs (Revision of the 2005 Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs). Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2015. PMID: 25777637


  9. Ross RD, Brook M, Koenig P, Feinstein JA, Lang P, Spicer RL, Vincent JA, Society of Pediatric Cardiology Training Program Directors , American College of Cardiology , American Academy of Pediatrics , American Heart Association. 2015 SPCTPD/ACC/AAP/AHA Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs (Revision of the 2005 Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs): Introduction. Circulation 2015. PMID: 25769639


  10. Ross RD, Brook M, Koenig P, Feinstein JA, Lang P, Spicer RL, Vincent JA. 2015 SPCTPD/ACC/AAP/AHA Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs (Revision of the 2005 Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs): Introduction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2015. PMID: 25777634


  11. Armsby LB, Vincent RN, Foerster SR, Holzer RJ, Moore JW, Marshall AC, Latson L, Brook M. Task Force 3: Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Training in Cardiac Catheterization. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2015. PMID: 25777628


  12. Armsby LB, Vincent RN, Foerster SR, Holzer RJ, Moore JW, Marshall AC, Latson L, Brook M, Society of Pediatric Cardiology Training Program Directors , American College of Cardiology , American Academy of Pediatrics , American Heart Association. Task Force 3: Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Training in Cardiac Catheterization. SPCTPD/ACC/AAP/AHA. Circulation 2015. PMID: 25769635


  13. Noori S, McNamara P, Jain A, Lavoie PM, Wickremasinghe A, Merritt TA, Solomon T, Sekar K, Attridge JT, Swanson JR, Gillam-Krakauer M, Reese J, Poindexter BB, Brook M, Auchus RJ, Clyman RI, PDA Ligation/Hypotension Trial Investigators. Catecholamine-resistant hypotension and myocardial performance following patent ductus arteriosus ligation. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2014. PMID: 25118721


  14. Ganesan S, Brook MM, Silverman NH, Moon-Grady AJ. Prenatal findings in total anomalous pulmonary venous return: a diagnostic road map starts with obstetric screening views. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2014. PMID: 24958406


  15. Lowenthal A, Lemley B, Kipps AK, Brook MM, Moon-Grady AJ. Prenatal tricuspid valve size as a predictor of postnatal outcome in patients with severe pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Fetal diagnosis and therapy 2014. PMID: 24457468


  16. Rocha LA, Byrne FA, Keller RL, Miniati D, Brook MM, Silverman NH, Moon-Grady AJ. Left heart structures in human neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and the effect of fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion. Fetal diagnosis and therapy 2013. PMID: 24356206


  17. Bui YK, Kipps AK, Brook MM, Moon-Grady AJ. Tissue Doppler is more sensitive and reproducible than spectral pulsed-wave Doppler for fetal right ventricle myocardial performance index determination in normal and diabetic pregnancies. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2013. PMID: 23498900


  18. Moon-Grady A, Shahanavaz S, Brook M, Rodriguez H, Hornberger LK. Can a complete fetal echocardiogram be performed at 12 to 16 weeks' gestation? Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2012. PMID: 23084470


  19. Lowenthal A, Kipps AK, Brook MM, Meadows J, Azakie A, Moon-Grady AJ. Prenatal diagnosis of atrial restriction in hypoplastic left heart syndrome is associated with decreased 2-year survival. Prenatal diagnosis 2012. PMID: 22511219


  20. Shah A, Moon-Grady A, Bhogal N, Collins KK, Tacy T, Brook M, Hornberger LK. Effectiveness of sotalol as first-line therapy for fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The American journal of cardiology 2012. PMID: 22444730


  21. Anwar S, Brook M, Mavroudis C, Hobbs R, Lorber R. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the noncoronary cusp: not a benign lesion. Pediatric cardiology 2012. PMID: 22370815


  22. Byrne FA, Lee H, Kipps AK, Brook MM, Moon-Grady AJ. Echocardiographic risk stratification of fetuses with sacrococcygeal teratoma and twin-reversed arterial perfusion. Fetal diagnosis and therapy 2011. PMID: 22086180


  23. Kipps AK, Feuille C, Azakie A, Hoffman JI, Tabbutt S, Brook MM, Moon-Grady AJ. Prenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome in current era. The American journal of cardiology 2011. PMID: 21624547


  24. Silvestry FE, Kerber RE, Brook MM, Carroll JD, Eberman KM, Goldstein SA, Herrmann HC, Homma S, Mehran R, Packer DL, Parisi AF, Pulerwitz T, Seward JB, Tsang TS, Wood MA. Echocardiography-guided interventions. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2009. PMID: 19258174


  25. Anagnostopoulos P, Azakie A, Natarajan S, Alphonso N, Brook MM, Karl TR. Pulmonary valve cusp augmentation with autologous pericardium may improve early outcome for tetralogy of Fallot. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2007. PMID: 17320558


  26. Lai WW, Geva T, Shirali GS, Frommelt PC, Humes RA, Brook MM, Pignatelli RH, Rychik J, Task Force of the Pediatric Council of the American Society of Echocardiography , Pediatric Council of the American Society of Echocardiography. Guidelines and standards for performance of a pediatric echocardiogram: a report from the Task Force of the Pediatric Council of the American Society of Echocardiography. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2006. PMID: 17138024


  27. Miller SG, Brook MM, Tacy TA. Reliability of two-dimensional echocardiography in the assessment of clinically significant abnormal hemidiaphragm motion in pediatric cardiothoracic patients: Comparison with fluoroscopy. Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies 2006. PMID: 16738495


  28. Giardini A, Moore P, Brook M, Stratton V, Tacy T. Effect of transcatheter atrial septal defect closure in children on left ventricular diastolic function. The American journal of cardiology 2005. PMID: 15878007


  29. Gremmels DB, Tacy TA, Brook MM, Silverman NH. Accuracy of coronary artery anatomy using two-dimensional echocardiography in d-transposition of great arteries using a two-reviewer method. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2004. PMID: 15122186


  30. Hamrick SE, Brook MM, Farmer DL. Fetal surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia and pulmonary sequestration complicated by postnatal diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries. Fetal diagnosis and therapy 2004. PMID: 14646416


  31. Younoszai AK, Reddy VM, Hanley FL, Brook MM. Intermediate term follow-up of the end-to-side aortic anastomosis for coarctation of the aorta. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2002. PMID: 12440621


  32. Puchalski MD, Brook MM, Silverman NH. Simplified echocardiographic criteria for decision making in perimembranous ventricular septal defect in childhood. The American journal of cardiology 2002. PMID: 12208430


  33. Moon-Grady AJ, Tacy TA, Brook MM, Hanley FL, Silverman NH. Value of clinical and echocardiographic features in predicting outcome in the fetus, infant, and child with tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve complex. The American journal of cardiology 2002. PMID: 12031728


  34. Feinstein JA, Moore P, Rosenthal DN, Puchalski M, Brook MM. Comparison of contrast echocardiography versus cardiac catheterization for detection of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. The American journal of cardiology 2002. PMID: 11809429


  35. Laudito A, Brook MM, Suleman S, Bleiweis MS, Thompson LD, Hanley FL, Reddy VM. The Ross procedure in children and young adults: a word of caution. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2001. PMID: 11436048


  36. Tworetzky W, McElhinney DB, Reddy VM, Brook MM, Hanley FL, Silverman NH. Improved surgical outcome after fetal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Circulation 2001. PMID: 11238272


  37. Thompson LD, McElhinney DB, Culbertson CB, Hardy CE, Brook MM, Reddy VM, Hanley FL. Perioperative administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors decreases the severity and duration of pleural effusions following bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis. Cardiology in the young 2001. PMID: 11293738


  38. Tworetzky W, Bristow J, Moore P, Brook MM, Segal MR, Brasch RC, Hawgood S, Fineman JR. Inhaled nitric oxide in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension. Lancet (London, England) 2001. PMID: 11197402


  39. Parry AJ, McElhinney DB, Kung GC, Reddy VM, Brook MM, Hanley FL. Elective primary repair of acyanotic tetralogy of Fallot in early infancy: overall outcome and impact on the pulmonary valve. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2000. PMID: 11127473


  40. Ussia GP, Momenah TS, Ursell P, Brook MM, Moore P, De Luca F, Silverman NH. Evaluation of the morphology of the oval fossa for placement of devices. Cardiology in the young 2000. PMID: 11049126


  41. Momenah TS, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Moore P, Silverman NH. Transesophageal echocardiographic predictors for successful transcatheter closure of defects within the oval fossa using the CardioSEAL septal occlusion device. Cardiology in the young 2000. PMID: 11049127


  42. McElhinney DB, Reddy VM, Moore P, Brook MM, Hanley FL. Surgical intervention for complications of transcatheter dilation procedures in congenital heart disease. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2000. PMID: 10750773


  43. Russell IM, Silverman NH, Miller-Hance W, Brook M, Cassorla L, Rouine-Rapp K, Tacy T, Cahalan MK. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography for infants and children undergoing congenital heart surgery: the role of the anesthesiologist. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 1999. PMID: 10552366


  44. McElhinney DB, Silverman NH, Brook MM, Hanley FL, Stanger P. Asymmetrically short tendinous cords causing congenital tricuspid regurgitation: improved understanding of tricuspid valvar dysplasia in the era of color flow echocardiography. Cardiology in the young 1999. PMID: 10386700


  45. Brook MM. Pediatric bacterial endocarditis. Treatment and prophylaxis. Pediatric clinics of North America 1999. PMID: 10218075


  46. Tworetzky W, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Reddy VM, Hanley FL, Silverman NH. Echocardiographic diagnosis alone for the complete repair of major congenital heart defects. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1999. PMID: 9935035


  47. Momenah TS, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Teitel DF, Hanley FL, Silverman NH. Intramyocardial hematoma causing cardiac tamponade after repair of Ebstein malformation: erroneous echocardiographic diagnosis as intracavitary thrombus. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 1998. PMID: 9812104


  48. McElhinney DB, Reddy VM, Silverman NH, Brook MM, Hanley FL. Atrioventricular septal defect with common valvar orifice and tetralogy of Fallot revisited: making a case for primary repair in infancy. Cardiology in the young 1998. PMID: 9855099


  49. Kovalchin JP, Brook MM, Rosenthal GL, Suda K, Hoffman JI, Silverman NH. Echocardiographic hemodynamic and morphometric predictors of survival after two-ventricle repair in infants with critical aortic stenosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1998. PMID: 9669276


  50. McElhinney DB, Silverman NH, Brook MM, Reddy VM, Hanley FL. Rare forms of isolation of the subclavian artery: echocardiographic diagnosis and surgical considerations. Cardiology in the young 1998. PMID: 9731649


  51. Reddy VM, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Silverman NH, Stanger P, Hanley FL. Repair of congenital tricuspid valve abnormalities with artificial chordae tendineae. The Annals of thoracic surgery 1998. PMID: 9692459


  52. Russell IA, Zwass MS, Fineman JR, Balea M, Rouine-Rapp K, Brook M, Hanley FL, Silverman NH, Cahalan MK. The effects of inhaled nitric oxide on postoperative pulmonary hypertension in infants and children undergoing surgical repair of congenital heart disease. Anesthesia and analgesia 1998. PMID: 9661544


  53. Reddy VM, McElhinney DB, Phoon CK, Brook MM, Hanley FL. Geometric mismatch of pulmonary and aortic anuli in children undergoing the Ross procedure: implications for surgical management and autograft valve function. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 1998. PMID: 9628666


  54. Reddy VM, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Parry AJ, Hanley FL. Atrioventricular valve function after single patch repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect in infancy: how early should repair be attempted? The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 1998. PMID: 9605072


  55. McElhinney DB, Mishaly DA, Moore P, Brook MM, Reddy VM, Hanley FL. Isolated left superior vena cava to the left atrium with situs solitus and dextrocardia: extracardiac repair facilitated by juxtaposition of the atrial appendages. The American journal of cardiology 1997. PMID: 9388124


  56. Kovalchin JP, Brook MM, Silverman NH. Growth of the hypoplastic left ventricle? Pediatric cardiology 1997. PMID: 9326697


  57. Phoon CK, Van Son J, Moore PA, Brook MM, Haas GS, Higgins CB. Aberrant left coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva with a right coronary arteriovenous malformation. Pediatric cardiology 1997. PMID: 9270113


  58. McElhinney DB, Reddy VM, Brook MM, Hanley FL. Repair of truncus arteriosus with intact ventricular septum (Van Praagh type B2) in a neonate. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 1997. PMID: 9240306


  59. Brook M, Chard PS, Brock-Utne JG. Gastric foreign body: a potential risk when using transesophageal echo. Anesthesia and analgesia 1997. PMID: 9174329


  60. Rajasinghe HA, Reddy VM, van Son JA, Black MD, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Hanley FL. Coarctation repair using end-to-side anastomosis of descending aorta to proximal aortic arch. The Annals of thoracic surgery 1996. PMID: 8619703


  61. Bernstein HS, Ursell PC, Brook MM, Hanley FC, Silverman NH, Bristow J. Fulminant development of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in an infant after total cavopulmonary shunt. Pediatric cardiology 1996. PMID: 8778702


  62. Reddy VM, Liddicoat JR, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Stanger P, Hanley FL. Routine primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot in neonates and infants less than three months of age. The Annals of thoracic surgery 1995. PMID: 8604943


  63. Bernstein HS, Brook MM, Silverman NH, Bristow J. Development of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae in children after cavopulmonary shunt. Circulation 1995. PMID: 7586429


  64. Weiss H, Cooper B, Brook M, Schlueter M, Clyman R. Factors determining reopening of the ductus arteriosus after successful clinical closure with indomethacin. The Journal of pediatrics 1995. PMID: 7658282


  65. Brook MM, Fineman JR, Bolinger AM, Wong AF, Heymann MA, Soifer SJ. Use of ATP-MgCl2 in the evaluation and treatment of children with pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital heart defects. Circulation 1994. PMID: 8087937


  66. Banerjee A, Brook MM, Klautz RJ, Teitel DF. Nonlinearity of the left ventricular end-systolic wall stress-velocity of fiber shortening relation in young pigs: a potential pitfall in its use as a single-beat index of contractility. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1994. PMID: 8294708


  67. Brook MM, Silverman NH, Villegas M. Cardiac ultrasonography in structural abnormalities and arrhythmias. Recognition and treatment. The Western journal of medicine 1993. PMID: 8236970


  68. Havens PL, Garland JS, Brook MM, Dewitz BA, Stremski ES, Troshynski TJ. Trends in mortality in children hospitalized with meningococcal infections, 1957 to 1987. The Pediatric infectious disease journal 1989. PMID: 2922245