Deborah Dean, MD, MPH

Professor Dean’s research involves in vitro and bioinformatic approaches along with studies of human populations to address host-pathogen interactions, including bacterial genomics, host immune responses and microbiota/microbiome/metabolome associations with disease protection and pathogenesis related to the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Her group was the first to identify genomic recombination in this human pathogen. The Dean lab also studies the evolution of zoonotic chlamydial species. Professor Dean’s international research focusses on trachoma and sexually transmitted disease populations in Nepal, India, Ecuador, Thailand, Vietnam and Fiji. In addition, her group collaborates with Bay Area biotech start-ups to develop vaccines and rapid inexpensive point-of-care diagnostics for C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae for global deployment. She has a track record of 33 years of uninterrupted funding from the National Institutes of Health in addition to grants from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, World Health Organization and the National Science Foundation. She has also mentored over 170 national and international undergraduate, graduate and medical students, and postdoctoral fellows who have gone on to university professorships and positions at institutes of health and centers for disease control throughout the world. Professor Dean remains an advocate for ocular and reproductive health among vulnerable and neglected populations worldwide.
Education
2021 - UCSF Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Champion, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine
2019 - Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Champion Training, University of California
Postdoctoral Fellow, 1991 - Microbial Pathogenesis, Stanford University School of Medicine
Clinical Fellow, 1989 - Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine
MPH, 1986 - Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health
Internship & Residency, 1985 - Straight Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine
MD, 1982 - Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
B.S./B.A., 1977 - Environmental Sciences/Philosophy, University of California Berkeley
Honors and Awards
  • Award for service and commitment as an Editorial Board Member, Public Library of Science, 2023
  • Scientific Career Achievement Award, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, Benioff Children's Hospitals, 2020
  • Fellow, American Academy of Microbiology, American Academy of Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 2019
  • Influential Alumni Award for Significant Contributions in the Field of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, 2018
  • Outstanding Mentorship Award, 16 years of service, NIH Minority Summer Student Research Program, 2016
  • United Nations Global Citizen Award, United Nations, 2009
  • Scientific Achievement Award for the most outstanding research, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 2006
  • Apple Cluster Workgroup for Bioinformatics Award, Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, 2004
  • Award for excellence in mentoring graduate students, University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, 2003
  • Member, Global Alliance to Eliminate Blinding Trachoma, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1999
  • Faculty Development Award, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, 1995
  • Physician Scientist Award, National Institutes of Health, 1990
  • Giannini Foundation Fellowship, Giannini Foundation, San Francisco, CA, 1989
  • McCormick Fund Award for Research Excellence, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1988
  • University of California Regents Scholar, University of California Berkeley, 1985

  1. Bommana S, Hu Y-J, Kama M, Wang R, Kodimerla R, Jijakli K, Read TD, Dean D. Unique microbial diversity, community composition, and networks among Pacific Islander endocervical and vaginal microbiomes with and without Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Fiji. mBio 2023. PMID: 38117091


  2. Greub G, Pillonel T, Bavoil PM, Borel N, Campbell LA, Dean D, Hefty S, Horn M, Morré SA, Ouellette SP, Pannekoek Y, Puolakkainen M, Timms P, Valdivia R, Vanrompay D. Use of gene sequences as type for naming prokaryotes: Recommendations of the international committee on the taxonomy of chlamydiae. New microbes and new infections 2023. PMID: 37416863


  3. Joseph SJ, Bommana S, Ziklo N, Kama M, Dean D, Read TD. Patterns of within-host spread of Chlamydia trachomatis between vagina, endocervix and rectum revealed by comparative genomic analysis. Frontiers in microbiology 2023. PMID: 37056744


  4. Auchus IC, Kama M, Bhuiyan RA, Brown J, Dean D. Chlamydial and gonorrheal neglected sexually transmitted diseases among Pacific Islanders of the Western Pacific Region-A narrative review and call to action. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2023. PMID: 36928890


  5. Joseph SJ, Bommana S, Ziklo N, Kama M, Dean D, Read TD. Patterns of within-host spread of Chlamydia trachomatis between vagina, endocervix and rectum revealed by comparative genomic analysis. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2023. PMID: 36747780


  6. Wongsamart R, Bhattarakasol P, Chaiwongkot A, Wongsawaeng D, Okada PA, Palaga T, Leelahavanichkul A, Khovidhunkit W, Dean D, Somboonna N. Multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification for high-risk and low-risk type HPV detection, as potential local use in single tube. Scientific Reports 2023. PMID: 36646782


  7. Bommana S, Richards G, Kama M, Kodimerla R, Jijakli K, Read TD, Dean D. Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing of Endocervical, Vaginal, and Rectal Samples among Fijian Women with and without Chlamydia trachomatis Reveals Disparate Microbial Populations and Function across Anatomic Sites: a Pilot Study. 2022. PMID: 35579443


  8. Marti H, Bommana S, Read TD, Pesch T, Prähauser B, Dean D, Borel N. Generation of Tetracycline and Rifamycin Resistant Chlamydia Suis Recombinants. Frontiers in microbiology 2021. PMID: 34276577


  9. Dean D, Swaminathan S, Kama M, Goemans S, Faktaufon D, Alnabelseya N, Spelke D, Kahrizi K, Black M, Mitra D. Development and Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Test in a Low-Resource Setting with High Rates of Chlamydia trachomatis Urogenital Infections in Fiji. Journal of clinical microbiology 2021. PMID: 33910964


  10. Bommana S, Somboonna N, Richards G, Tarazkar M, Dean D. Tryptophan Operon Diversity Reveals Evolutionary Trends among Geographically Disparate Chlamydia trachomatis Ocular and Urogenital Strains Affecting Tryptophan Repressor and Synthase Function. mBio 2021. PMID: 33975934


  11. Bowden KE, Joseph SJ, Cartee JC, Ziklo N, Danavall D, Raphael BH, Read TD, Dean D. Whole-Genome Enrichment and Sequencing of Chlamydia trachomatis Directly from Patient Clinical Vaginal and Rectal Swabs. mSphere 2021. PMID: 33658279


  12. Choopara I, Suea-Ngam A, Teethaisong Y, Howes PD, Schmelcher M, Leelahavanichkul A, Thunyaharn S, Wongsawaeng D, deMello AJ, Dean D, Somboonna N. Fluorometric Paper-Based, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Devices for Quantitative Point-of-Care Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ACS sensors 2021. PMID: 33439634


  13. De Clercq E, Van Gils M, Schautteet K, Devriendt B, Kiekens C, Chiers K, Van Den Broeck W, Cox E, Dean D, Vanrompay D. Chlamydia trachomatis L2c Infection in a Porcine Model Produced Urogenital Pathology and Failed to Induce Protective Immune Responses Against Re-Infection. Frontiers in immunology 2020. PMID: 33193323


  14. Srimongkol G, Ditmangklo B, Choopara I, Thaniyavarn J, Dean D, Kokpol S, Vilaivan T, Somboonna N. Rapid colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification for hypersensitive point-of-care Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A gene detection in milk and pork products. Scientific Reports 2020. PMID: 32385390


  15. Svigals V, Blair A, Muller S, Sahu Khan A, Faktaufon D, Kama M, Tamani T, Esfandiari L, O'Brien M, Dean D. Hyperendemic Chlamydia trachomatis sexually transmitted infections among females represent a high burden of asymptomatic disease and health disparity among Pacific Islanders in Fiji. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2020. PMID: 31971951


  16. Dean D, Ziklo N, Somboonna N, Suh JH, Ferrin T. Reply to Rockey et al., "Genomics and Chlamydial Persistence In Vivo". mBio 2019. PMID: 31848290


  17. Somboonna N, Ziklo N, Ferrin TE, Hyuk Suh J, Dean D. Clinical Persistence of Chlamydia trachomatis Sexually Transmitted Strains Involves Novel Mutations in the Functional aßßa Tetramer of the Tryptophan Synthase Operon. mBio 2019. PMID: 31311884


  18. Jolly AL, Rau S, Chadha AK, Abdulraheem EA, Dean D. Stromal Fibroblasts Drive Host Inflammatory Responses That Are Dependent on Chlamydia trachomatis Strain Type and Likely Influence Disease Outcomes. mBio 2019. PMID: 30890604


  19. Pinsent A, Solomon AW, Bailey RL, Bid R, Cama A, Dean D, Goodhew B, Gwyn SE, Jack KR, Kandel RP, Kama M, Massae P, Macleod C, Mabey DCW, Migchelsen S, Müller A, Sandi F, Sokana O, Taoaba R, Tekeraoi R, Martin DL, White MT. The utility of serology for elimination surveillance of trachoma. Nature communications 2018. PMID: 30575720


  20. Somboonna N, Choopara I, Arunrut N, Sukhonpan K, Sayasathid J, Dean D, Kiatpathomchai W. Rapid and sensitive detection of Chlamydia trachomatis sexually transmitted infections in resource-constrained settings in Thailand at the point-of-care. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2018. PMID: 30571705


  21. Marti H, Borel N, Dean D, Leonard CA. Evaluating the Antibiotic Susceptibility of Chlamydia - New Approaches for in Vitro Assays. Frontiers in microbiology 2018. PMID: 30018602


  22. Gwyn SE, Xiang L, Kandel RP, Dean D, Gambhir M, Martin DL. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis-Specific Antibodies before and after Mass Drug Administration for Trachoma in Community-Wide Surveys of Four Communities in Nepal. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2018. PMID: 29141720


  23. Sharma M, Recuero-Checa MA, Fan FY, Dean D. Chlamydia trachomatis regulates growth and development in response to host cell fatty acid availability in the absence of lipid droplets. Cellular microbiology 2017. PMID: 29117636


  24. Smelov V, Vrbanac A, van Ess EF, Noz MP, Wan R, Eklund C, Morgan T, Shrier LA, Sanders B, Dillner J, de Vries HJC, Morre SA, Dean D. Chlamydia trachomatis Strain Types Have Diversified Regionally and Globally with Evidence for Recombination across Geographic Divides. Frontiers in microbiology 2017. PMID: 29180986


  25. Diaz MH, Desai HP, Morrison SS, Benitez AJ, Wolff BJ, Caravas J, Read TD, Dean D, Winchell JM. Correction: Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae genomes to investigate underlying population structure and type-specific determinants. PloS one 2017. PMID: 28977025


  26. Turingan RS, Kaplun L, Krautz-Peterson G, Norsworthy S, Zolotova A, Joseph SJ, Read TD, Dean D, Tan E, Selden RF. Rapid detection and strain typing of Chlamydia trachomatis using a highly multiplexed microfluidic PCR assay. PloS one 2017. PMID: 28562672


  27. Diaz MH, Desai HP, Morrison SS, Benitez AJ, Wolff BJ, Caravas J, Read TD, Dean D, Winchell JM. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae genomes to investigate underlying population structure and type-specific determinants. PloS one 2017. PMID: 28410368


  28. Marti H, Kim H, Joseph SJ, Dojiri S, Read TD, Dean D. Tet(C) Gene Transfer between Chlamydia suis Strains Occurs by Homologous Recombination after Co-infection: Implications for Spread of Tetracycline-Resistance among Chlamydiaceae. Frontiers in microbiology 2017. PMID: 28223970


  29. Joseph SJ, Cox D, Wolff B, Morrison SS, Kozak-Muiznieks NA, Frace M, Didelot X, Castillo-Ramirez S, Winchell J, Read TD, Dean D. Dynamics of genome change among Legionella species. Scientific Reports 2016. PMID: 27633769


  30. Joseph SJ, Marti H, Didelot X, Read TD, Dean D. Tetracycline Selective Pressure and Homologous Recombination Shape the Evolution of Chlamydia suis: A Recently Identified Zoonotic Pathogen. Genome biology and evolution 2016. PMID: 27576537


  31. Gwyn S, Mitchell A, Dean D, Mkocha H, Handali S, Martin DL. Lateral flow-based antibody testing for Chlamydia trachomatis. Journal of immunological methods 2016. PMID: 27208400


  32. Recuero-Checa MA, Sharma M, Lau C, Watkins PA, Gaydos CA, Dean D. Chlamydia trachomatis growth and development requires the activity of host Long-chain Acyl-CoA Synthetases (ACSLs). Scientific Reports 2016. PMID: 26988341


  33. Jolly AL, Luan CH, Dusel BE, Dunne SF, Winding M, Dixit VJ, Robins C, Saluk JL, Logan DJ, Carpenter AE, Sharma M, Dean D, Cohen AR, Gelfand VI. A Genome-wide RNAi Screen for Microtubule Bundle Formation and Lysosome Motility Regulation in Drosophila S2 Cells. Cell reports 2016. PMID: 26774481


  34. Joseph SJ, Marti H, Didelot X, Castillo-Ramirez S, Read TD, Dean D. Chlamydiaceae Genomics Reveals Interspecies Admixture and the Recent Evolution of Chlamydia abortus Infecting Lower Mammalian Species and Humans. Genome biology and evolution 2015. PMID: 26507799


  35. Ezewudo MN, Joseph SJ, Castillo-Ramirez S, Dean D, Del Rio C, Didelot X, Dillon JA, Selden RF, Shafer WM, Turingan RS, Unemo M, Read TD. Population structure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae based on whole genome data and its relationship with antibiotic resistance. PeerJ 2015. PMID: 25780762


  36. Batteiger BE, Wan R, Williams JA, He L, Ma A, Fortenberry JD, Dean D. Novel Chlamydia trachomatis strains in heterosexual sex partners, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Emerging infectious diseases 2014. PMID: 25340463


  37. Joseph SJ, Li B, Ghonasgi T, Haase CP, Qin ZS, Dean D, Read TD. Direct amplification, sequencing and profiling of Chlamydia trachomatis strains in single and mixed infection clinical samples. PloS one 2014. PMID: 24971628


  38. Al-Kuhlani M, Rothschild J, Rothchild J, Pal S, de la Maza LM, Ouburg S, Morré SA, Dean D, Ojcius DM. TRAIL-R1 is a negative regulator of pro-inflammatory responses and modulates long-term sequelae resulting from Chlamydia trachomatis infections in humans. PloS one 2014. PMID: 24695582


  39. Dean D, Rothschild J, Ruettger A, Kandel RP, Sachse K. Zoonotic Chlamydiaceae species associated with trachoma, Nepal. Emerging infectious diseases 2013. PMID: 24274654


  40. Read TD, Joseph SJ, Didelot X, Liang B, Patel L, Dean D. Comparative analysis of Chlamydia psittaci genomes reveals the recent emergence of a pathogenic lineage with a broad host range. mBio 2013. PMID: 23532978


  41. Dean DA, Wadl PA, Hadziabdic D, Wang X, Trigiano RN. Analyzing microsatellites using the QIAxcel system. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2013. PMID: 23546795


  42. Wang A, Al-Kuhlani M, Johnston SC, Ojcius DM, Chou J, Dean D. Transcription factor complex AP-1 mediates inflammation initiated by Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Cellular microbiology 2012. PMID: 23163821


  43. Dean D, Turingan RS, Thomann HU, Zolotova A, Rothschild J, Joseph SJ, Read TD, Tan E, Selden RF. A multiplexed microfluidic PCR assay for sensitive and specific point-of-care detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. PloS one 2012. PMID: 23272140


  44. Joseph SJ, Didelot X, Rothschild J, de Vries HJ, Morré SA, Read TD, Dean D. Population genomics of Chlamydia trachomatis: insights on drift, selection, recombination, and population structure. Molecular biology and evolution 2012. PMID: 22891032


  45. Soupene E, Rothschild J, Kuypers FA, Dean D. Eukaryotic protein recruitment into the Chlamydia inclusion: implications for survival and growth. PloS one 2012. PMID: 22590624


  46. Bhattarai SR, Yoo SY, Lee SW, Dean D. Engineered phage-based therapeutic materials inhibit Chlamydia trachomatis intracellular infection. Biomaterials 2012. PMID: 22494890


  47. Trigiano RN, Wadl PA, Dean D, Hadziabdic D, Scheffler BE, Runge F, Telle S, Thines M, Ristaino J, Spring O. Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci identified from a small insert genomic library for Peronospora tabacina. Mycologia 2012. PMID: 22241615


  48. Srinivasan T, Bruno WJ, Wan R, Yen A, Duong J, Dean D. In vitro recombinants of antibiotic-resistant Chlamydia trachomatis strains have statistically more breakpoints than clinical recombinants for the same sequenced loci and exhibit selection at unexpected loci. Journal of bacteriology 2011. PMID: 22123249


  49. Joseph SJ, Didelot X, Gandhi K, Dean D, Read TD. Interplay of recombination and selection in the genomes of Chlamydia trachomatis. Biology direct 2011. PMID: 21615910


  50. Somboonna N, Wan R, Ojcius DM, Pettengill MA, Joseph SJ, Chang A, Hsu R, Read TD, Dean D. Hypervirulent Chlamydia trachomatis clinical strain is a recombinant between lymphogranuloma venereum (L(2)) and D lineages. mBio 2011. PMID: 21540364


  51. Atik B, Johnston SC, Dean D. Association of carotid plaque Lp-PLA(2) with macrophages and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection among patients at risk for stroke. PloS one 2010. PMID: 20543948


  52. Skwor T, Kandel RP, Basravi S, Khan A, Sharma B, Dean D. Characterization of humoral immune responses to chlamydial HSP60, CPAF, and CT795 in inflammatory and severe trachoma. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2010. PMID: 20463311


  53. Wang A, Johnston SC, Chou J, Dean D. A systemic network for Chlamydia pneumoniae entry into human cells. Journal of bacteriology 2010. PMID: 20233927


  54. Dean D, Bruno WJ, Wan R, Gomes JP, Devignot S, Mehari T, de Vries HJ, Morré SA, Myers G, Read TD, Spratt BG. Predicting phenotype and emerging strains among Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Emerging infectious diseases 2009. PMID: 19788805


  55. Tan C, Hsia RC, Shou H, Haggerty CL, Ness RB, Gaydos CA, Dean D, Scurlock AM, Wilson DP, Bavoil PM. Chlamydia trachomatis-infected patients display variable antibody profiles against the nine-member polymorphic membrane protein family. Infection and immunity 2009. PMID: 19487469


  56. Atik B, Skwor TA, Kandel RP, Sharma B, Adhikari HK, Steiner L, Erlich H, Dean D. Identification of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in inflammatory genes as risk factors associated with trachomatous trichiasis. PloS one 2008. PMID: 18974840


  57. Skwor TA, Atik B, Kandel RP, Adhikari HK, Sharma B, Dean D. Role of secreted conjunctival mucosal cytokine and chemokine proteins in different stages of trachomatous disease. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2008. PMID: 18628987


  58. Somboonna N, Mead S, Liu J, Dean D. Discovering and differentiating new and emerging clonal populations of Chlamydia trachomatis with a novel shotgun cell culture harvest assay. Emerging infectious diseases 2008. PMID: 18325260


  59. Dean D, Kandel RP, Adhikari HK, Hessel T. Multiple Chlamydiaceae species in trachoma: implications for disease pathogenesis and control. PLoS medicine 2008. PMID: 18177205


  60. Nunes A, Gomes JP, Mead S, Florindo C, Correia H, Borrego MJ, Dean D. Comparative expression profiling of the Chlamydia trachomatis pmp gene family for clinical and reference strains. PloS one 2007. PMID: 17849007


  61. Dean D, Atik B, Ton TK, Vu QL, Lagree S. Evaluating the "A" component of the SAFE strategy. The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2007. PMID: 17182334


  62. Liu Z, Rank R, Kaltenboeck B, Magnino S, Dean D, Burall L, Plaut RD, Read TD, Myers G, Bavoil PM. Genomic plasticity of the rrn-nqrF intergenic segment in the Chlamydiaceae. Journal of bacteriology 2006. PMID: 17158668


  63. Gomes JP, Bruno WJ, Nunes A, Santos N, Florindo C, Borrego MJ, Dean D. Evolution of Chlamydia trachomatis diversity occurs by widespread interstrain recombination involving hotspots. Genome research 2006. PMID: 17090662


  64. Atik B, Thanh TT, Luong VQ, Lagree S, Dean D. Impact of annual targeted treatment on infectious trachoma and susceptibility to reinfection. JAMA 2006. PMID: 17003397


  65. Millman K, Black CM, Stamm WE, Jones RB, Hook EW, Martin DH, Bolan G, Tavaré S, Dean D. Population-based genetic epidemiologic analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes and lack of association between ompA polymorphisms and clinical phenotypes. Microbes and infection 2006. PMID: 16527508


  66. Gomes JP, Nunes A, Bruno WJ, Borrego MJ, Florindo C, Dean D. Polymorphisms in the nine polymorphic membrane proteins of Chlamydia trachomatis across all serovars: evidence for serovar Da recombination and correlation with tissue tropism. Journal of bacteriology 2006. PMID: 16352844


  67. Johnston SC, Zhang H, Messina LM, Lawton MT, Dean D. Chlamydia pneumoniae burden in carotid arteries is associated with upregulation of plaque interleukin-6 and elevated C-reactive protein in serum. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2005. PMID: 16210572


  68. Gomes JP, Borrego MJ, Atik B, Santo I, Azevedo J, Brito de Sá A, Nogueira P, Dean D. Correlating Chlamydia trachomatis infectious load with urogenital ecological success and disease pathogenesis. Microbes and infection 2005. PMID: 16289001


  69. Gomes JP, Hsia RC, Mead S, Borrego MJ, Dean D. Immunoreactivity and differential developmental expression of known and putative Chlamydia trachomatis membrane proteins for biologically variant serovars representing distinct disease groups. Microbes and infection 2005. PMID: 15784185


  70. Gomes JP, Bruno WJ, Borrego MJ, Dean D. Recombination in the genome of Chlamydia trachomatis involving the polymorphic membrane protein C gene relative to ompA and evidence for horizontal gene transfer. Journal of bacteriology 2004. PMID: 15205432


  71. Millman K, Black CM, Johnson RE, Stamm WE, Jones RB, Hook EW, Martin DH, Bolan G, Tavaré S, Dean D. Population-based genetic and evolutionary analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital strain variation in the United States. Journal of bacteriology 2004. PMID: 15060049


  72. Zhang H, Kandel RP, Sharma B, Dean D. Risk factors for recurrence of postoperative trichiasis: implications for trachoma blindness prevention. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 2004. PMID: 15078668


  73. Shrier LA, Dean D, Klein E, Harter K, Rice PA. Limitations of screening tests for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in asymptomatic adolescent and young adult women. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2004. PMID: 15041995


  74. Frick KD, Colchero MA, Dean D. Modeling the economic net benefit of a potential vaccination program against ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Vaccine 2004. PMID: 14741161


  75. Dean D, Neumayr L, Kelly DM, Ballas SK, Kleman K, Robertson S, Iyer RV, Ware RE, Koshy M, Rackoff WR, Pegelow CH, Waldron P, Benjamin L, Vichinsky E, Acute Chest Syndrome Study Group. Chlamydia pneumoniae and acute chest syndrome in patients with sickle cell disease. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 2003. PMID: 12544773