Diane Wara, MD

Diane Wara, MD, is a professor emeritus of pediatrics in the Allergy/Immunology Bone Marrow Transplant Division, director of the Northern California Pediatric HIV Program, and a member of the leadership group for the NIAID-funded domestic and international clinical trials program in HIV (IMPAACT). Her work, along with that of others, led to the successful strategy for the interruption of perinatal transmission in the developed world. Currently, she is working through IMPAACT to extend and modify successful strategies to prevent transmission throughout the developing world. Dr. Wara has authored more than180 publications and, throughout her career, has focused her research on the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of pediatric immune deficiency syndromes (PIDD) and pediatric HIV. She contributed to reports of the first child with adenosine deaminase deficiency as well as treatment strategies for this disorder, including the successful gene transfer in neonates with known ADA deficiency; the first child with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency; the first child with ZAP-70 deficiency; and mutations in IKK -gamma leading to NEMO syndrome. Dr. Wara contributed to reports of the first child with HIV, the first subject to acquire HIV from a blood transfusion, the first report of vertical transmission of hepatitis C, the role(s) of genetic factors as well as neutralizing antibody in the perinatal transmission of HIV as well as long-term progression; the detection and diagnosis of in-utero versus peripartum transmission. She reported the successful interruption of HIV perinatal transmission by the use of intrapartum AZT to the mother and infant prophylaxis for 6 weeks; she reported numerous successful HIV treatment strategies for children and youth. Dr. Wara led the Immunology Division and the UCSF Pediatric Clinical Research Center for over 25 years. She served as member and chair of two NIH study sections as well as member and chair of the NIH Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (2002-2006). Dr. Wara was elected to the National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine, in 1998.
Education
M.D., 1969 - School of Medicine, University of California Irvine
Residency, - School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
Websites

  1. Weinberg A, Huo Y, Kacanek D, Patel K, Watts DH, Wara D, Hoffman RM, Klawitter J, Christians U, for IMPAACT P1025 Team. Brief Report: Markers of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery in Women Living With HIV: Relationship With Protease Inhibitors and Vitamin D. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2019. PMID: 31513074


  2. Rutar T, Youm J, Porco T, Tilton N, Muskat M, McNamara N, Wara D. Ophthalmic manifestations of perinatally acquired HIV in a US cohort of long-term survivors. The British journal of ophthalmology 2014. PMID: 25416182


  3. Thomas MR, Wara D, Saxton K, Truskier M, Chesney MA, Boyce WT. Family adversity and autonomic reactivity association with immune changes in HIV-affected school children. Psychosomatic medicine 2013. PMID: 23766380


  4. Wilson LS, Hensic L, Paoli CJ, Basu R, Christenson M, Moskowitz JT, Wara D. The effect of prophylaxis on pediatric HIV costs. AIDS care 2011. PMID: 21780991


  5. Ma CA, Wang HY, Temmerman S, Zhao Y, Wu L, Hornung RL, Wara D, Jain A. Dendritic cells from humans with hypomorphic mutations in IKBKG/NEMO have impaired mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Human mutation 2011. PMID: 21309033


  6. Weinberg A, Song LY, Walker R, Allende M, Fenton T, Patterson-Bartlett J, Nachman S, Kemble G, Yi TT, Defechereux P, Wara D, Read JS, Levin M, IMPAACT P1057 Team. Anti-influenza serum and mucosal antibody responses after administration of live attenuated or inactivated influenza vaccines to HIV-infected children. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2010. PMID: 20581690


  7. Wilson LS, Basu R, Christenson M, Hensic L, Paoli C, Wara D, Moskowitz JT. Pediatric HIV costs across three treatment eras from 1986 to 2007. Pediatrics 2010. PMID: 20696721


  8. Cheng LE, Kanwar B, Tcheurekdjian H, Grenert JP, Muskat M, Heyman MB, McCune JM, Wara DW. Persistent systemic inflammation and atypical enterocolitis in patients with NEMO syndrome. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 2009. PMID: 19375390


  9. Butensky James E, Harmatz P, Lee M, Kennedy C, Petru A, Wara D, Miaskowski C. Altered iron metabolism in children with human immunodeficiency virus disease. Pediatric hematology and oncology 2009. PMID: 19322737


  10. Milojevic D, Nguyen KD, Wara D, Mellins ED. Regulatory T cells and their role in rheumatic diseases: a potential target for novel therapeutic development. Pediatric rheumatology online journal 2008. PMID: 19046457


  11. Tremoulet AH, Capparelli EV, Patel P, Acosta EP, Luzuriaga K, Bryson Y, Wara D, Zorrilla C, Holland D, Mirochnick M, Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Population pharmacokinetics of lamivudine in human immunodeficiency virus-exposed and -infected infants. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2007. PMID: 17893155


  12. Pahwa S, Muresan P, Sleasman J, Fenton T, Moye J, Deveikis A, Wara D, Van Dyke R, Pediatric Aids Clinical Trials Study 402 team. Phase I/II trial of intermittent subcutaneous IL-2 administration in pediatric patients with moderate immune suppression: results of Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Study 402. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2007. PMID: 17418382


  13. Hecht JH, Glenn OA, Wara DW, Wu YW. JC virus granule cell neuronopathy in a child with CD40 ligand deficiency. Pediatric neurology 2007. PMID: 17352955


  14. Unadkat JD, Wara DW, Hughes MD, Mathias AA, Holland DT, Paul ME, Connor J, Huang S, Nguyen BY, Watts DH, Mofenson LM, Smith E, Deutsch P, Kaiser KA, Tuomala RE. Pharmacokinetics and safety of indinavir in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2006. PMID: 17158945


  15. Taylor Z, Butani L, Blumberg D, Cowan M, Wara D, Gopal S, Gavrilita C, Da-Silva S. Index of suspicion. Pediatrics in review 2006. PMID: 17142468


  16. Zhang H, Schaff UY, Green CE, Chen H, Sarantos MR, Hu Y, Wara D, Simon SI, Lowell CA. Impaired integrin-dependent function in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-deficient murine and human neutrophils. Immunity 2006. PMID: 16901726


  17. Weinberg A, Gona P, Nachman SA, Defechereux P, Yogev R, Hughes W, Wara D, Spector SA, Read J, Elgie C, Cooper M, Dankner W, Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 1008 Team. Antibody responses to hepatitis A virus vaccine in HIV-infected children with evidence of immunologic reconstitution while receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. The Journal of infectious diseases 2005. PMID: 16362896


  18. Chan B, Wara D, Bastian J, Hershfield MS, Bohnsack J, Azen CG, Parkman R, Weinberg K, Kohn DB. Long-term efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy for adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 2005. PMID: 16112907


  19. Cohan D, Feakins C, Wara D, Petru A, McNicholl I, Schillinger D, Lu J, Kuritzkes D, Deeks SG. Perinatal transmission of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 despite viral suppression on an enfuvirtide-based treatment regimen. AIDS (London, England) 2005. PMID: 15905684


  20. von Scheven E, Lu TT, Emery HM, Elder ME, Wara DW. Thrombosis and pediatric Wegener's granulomatosis: acquired and genetic risk factors for hypercoagulability. Arthritis and rheumatism 2003. PMID: 14673976


  21. Shearer WT, Rosenblatt HM, Gelman RS, Oyomopito R, Plaeger S, Stiehm ER, Wara DW, Douglas SD, Luzuriaga K, McFarland EJ, Yogev R, Rathore MH, Levy W, Graham BL, Spector SA, Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Lymphocyte subsets in healthy children from birth through 18 years of age: the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group P1009 study. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2003. PMID: 14610491


  22. Lester P, Chesney M, Cooke M, Weiss R, Whalley P, Perez B, Glidden D, Petru A, Dorenbaum A, Wara D. When the time comes to talk about HIV: factors associated with diagnostic disclosure and emotional distress in HIV-infected children. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2002. PMID: 12439206


  23. Bickel J, Wara D, Atkinson BF, Cohen LS, Dunn M, Hostler S, Johnson TR, Morahan P, Rubenstein AH, Sheldon GF, Stokes E, Association of American Medical Colleges Project Implementation Committee. Increasing women's leadership in academic medicine: report of the AAMC Project Implementation Committee. Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2002. PMID: 12377686


  24. Tuomala RE, Shapiro DE, Mofenson LM, Bryson Y, Culnane M, Hughes MD, O'Sullivan MJ, Scott G, Stek AM, Wara D, Bulterys M. Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and the risk of an adverse outcome. The New England journal of medicine 2002. PMID: 12063370


  25. McFarland EJ, Borkowsky W, Fenton T, Wara D, McNamara J, Samson P, Kang M, Mofenson L, Cunningham C, Duliege AM, Sinangil F, Spector SA, Jimenez E, Bryson Y, Burchett S, Frenkel LM, Yogev R, Gigliotti F, Luzuriaga K, Livingston RA, AIDS Clinical Trials Group 230 Collaborators. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120-specific antibodies in neonates receiving an HIV-1 recombinant gp120 vaccine. The Journal of infectious diseases 2001. PMID: 11679925


  26. Cunningham CK, Wara DW, Kang M, Fenton T, Hawkins E, McNamara J, Mofenson L, Duliege AM, Francis D, McFarland EJ, Borkowsky W, Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 230 Collaborators. Safety of 2 recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope vaccines in neonates born to HIV-1-infected women. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2001. PMID: 11229849


  27. Morahan PS, Voytko ML, Abbuhl S, Means LJ, Wara DW, Thorson J, Cotsonas CE. Ensuring the success of women faculty at AMCs: lessons learned from the National Centers of Excellence in Women's Health. Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2001. PMID: 11154189


  28. Shearer WT, Israel RJ, Starr S, Fletcher CV, Wara D, Rathore M, Church J, DeVille J, Fenton T, Graham B, Samson P, Staprans S, McNamara J, Moye J, Maddon PJ, Olson WC. Recombinant CD4-IgG2 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children: phase 1/2 study. The Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 351 Study Team. The Journal of infectious diseases 2000. PMID: 11069253


  29. Zonana J, Elder ME, Schneider LC, Orlow SJ, Moss C, Golabi M, Shapira SK, Farndon PA, Wara DW, Emmal SA, Ferguson BM. A novel X-linked disorder of immune deficiency and hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is allelic to incontinentia pigmenti and due to mutations in IKK-gamma (NEMO). American journal of human genetics 2000. PMID: 11047757


  30. Kliks S, Contag CH, Corliss H, Learn G, Rodrigo A, Wara D, Mullins JI, Levy JA. Genetic analysis of viral variants selected in transmission of human immunodeficiency viruses to newborns. AIDS research and human retroviruses 2000. PMID: 10957720


  31. Betensky RA, Connick E, Devers J, Landay AL, Nokta M, Plaeger S, Rosenblatt H, Schmitz JL, Valentine F, Wara D, Weinberg A, Lederman HM. Shipment impairs lymphocyte proliferative responses to microbial antigens. Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology 2000. PMID: 10973450


  32. Fahey JL, Aziz N, Spritzler J, Plaeger S, Nishanian P, Lathey JL, Seigel J, Landay AL, Kilarui R, Schmitz JL, White C, Wara DW, Akridge R, Cutili J, Douglas SD, Reuben J, Shearer WT, Nokta M, Polland R, Schooley R, Asthana D, Mizrachi Y, Waxdal M. Need for an external proficiency testing program for cytokines, chemokines, and plasma markers of immune activation. Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology 2000. PMID: 10882648


  33. Borkowsky W, Wara D, Fenton T, McNamara J, Kang M, Mofenson L, McFarland E, Cunningham C, Duliege AM, Francis D, Bryson Y, Burchett S, Spector SA, Frenkel LM, Starr S, Van Dyke R, Jimenez E. Lymphoproliferative responses to recombinant HIV-1 envelope antigens in neonates and infants receiving gp120 vaccines. AIDS Clinical Trial Group 230 Collaborators. The Journal of infectious diseases 2000. PMID: 10720509


  34. Ramos-Gomez FJ, Petru A, Hilton JF, Canchola AJ, Wara D, Greenspan JS. Oral manifestations and dental status in paediatric HIV infection. International journal of paediatric dentistry 2000. PMID: 11310124


  35. Stiehm ER, Fletcher CV, Mofenson LM, Palumbo PE, Kang M, Fenton T, Sapan CV, Meyer WA, Shearer WT, Hawkins E, Fowler MG, Bouquin P, Purdue L, Sloand EM, Nemo GJ, Wara D, Bryson YJ, Starr SE, Petru A, Burchett S. Use of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) human hyperimmune immunoglobulin in HIV type 1-infected children (Pediatric AIDS clinical trials group protocol 273). The Journal of infectious diseases 2000. PMID: 10669338


  36. Seroogy CM, Wara DW, Bluth MH, Dorenbaum A, White C, Durkin HG, Elder ME. Cytokine profile of a long-term pediatric HIV survivor with hyper-IgE syndrome and a normal CD4 T-cell count. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 1999. PMID: 10550751


  37. Mirochnick M, Cooper E, McIntosh K, Xu J, Lindsey J, Jacobus D, Mofenson L, Sullivan JL, Dankner W, Frenkel LM, Nachman S, Wara DW, Johnson D, Bonagura VR, Rathore MH, Cunningham CK, McNamara J. Pharmacokinetics of dapsone administered daily and weekly in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 1999. PMID: 10543733


  38. Franck LS, Johnson LM, Lee K, Hepner C, Lambert L, Passeri M, Manio E, Dorenbaum A, Wara D. Sleep disturbances in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pediatrics 1999. PMID: 10545588


  39. Wright PF, Lambert JS, Gorse GJ, Hsieh RH, McElrath MJ, Weinhold K, Wara DW, Anderson EL, Keefer MC, Jackson S, Wagner LJ, Francis DP, Fast PE, McNamara J. Immunization with envelope MN rgp120 vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women. The Journal of infectious diseases 1999. PMID: 10479134


  40. Dunbar C, Chang L, Mullen C, Ramsey WJ, Carter C, Kohn D, Parkman R, Lenarsky C, Weinberg K, Wara D, Culver KW, Anderson WF, Leitman S, Fleisher T, Klein H, Shearer G, Clerici M, McGarrity G, Bastian J, Hershfield MS. Amendment to Clinical Research Project. Project 90-C-195. April 1, 1993. Treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) due to adenosine deaminase deficiency with autologous lymphocytes transduced with a human ADA gene. Human gene therapy 1999. PMID: 10048399


  41. Wilfert C, Aronson JE, Beck DT, Fleischman AR, Kline MW, Mofenson LM, Scott GB, Wara DW, Whitley-Williams PN. Planning for children whose parents are dying of HIV/AIDS. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Pediatric AIDS, 1998-1999. Pediatrics 1999. PMID: 9925854


  42. Lambert JS, McNamara J, Katz SL, Fenton T, Kang M, VanCott TC, Livingston R, Hawkins E, Moye J, Borkowsky W, Johnson D, Yogev R, Duliege AM, Francis D, Gershon A, Wara D, Martin N, Levin M, McSherry G, Smith G. Safety and immunogenicity of HIV recombinant envelope vaccines in HIV-infected infants and children. National Institutes of Health-sponsored Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG-218). Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association 1998. PMID: 9859958


  43. McKinney RE, Johnson GM, Stanley K, Yong FH, Keller A, O'Donnell KJ, Brouwers P, Mitchell WG, Yogev R, Wara DW, Wiznia A, Mofenson L, McNamara J, Spector SA. A randomized study of combined zidovudine-lamivudine versus didanosine monotherapy in children with symptomatic therapy-naive HIV-1 infection. The Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 300 Study Team. The Journal of pediatrics 1998. PMID: 9787687


  44. Kohn DB, Hershfield MS, Carbonaro D, Shigeoka A, Brooks J, Smogorzewska EM, Barsky LW, Chan R, Burotto F, Annett G, Nolta JA, Crooks G, Kapoor N, Elder M, Wara D, Bowen T, Madsen E, Snyder FF, Bastian J, Muul L, Blaese RM, Weinberg K, Parkman R. T lymphocytes with a normal ADA gene accumulate after transplantation of transduced autologous umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells in ADA-deficient SCID neonates. Nature medicine 1998. PMID: 9662367


  45. Levy JA, Hsueh F, Blackbourn DJ, Wara D, Weintrub PS. CD8 cell noncytotoxic antiviral activity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected children. The Journal of infectious diseases 1998. PMID: 9466540


  46. Williams GH, Wara DW, Carbone P. Funding for patient-oriented research. Critical strain on a fundamental linchpin. JAMA 1997. PMID: 9218670


  47. Chen Y, Winchester R, Korber B, Gagliano J, Bryson Y, Hutto C, Martin N, McSherry G, Petru A, Wara D, Ammann A. Influence of HLA alleles on the rate of progression of vertically transmitted HIV infection in children: association of several HLA-DR13 alleles with long-term survivorship and the potential association of HLA-A*2301 with rapid progression to AIDS. Long-T Human immunology 1997. PMID: 9361967


  48. Spector SA, Blanchard S, Wara DW, Oleske JM, McIntosh K, Hodes D, Dankner WM, Salgo M, McNamara J. Comparative trial of two dosages of zalcitabine in zidovudine-experienced children with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group. The Pediatric infectious disease journal 1997. PMID: 9194115


  49. Dorenbaum A, Venkateswaran KS, Yang G, Comeau AM, Wara D, Vyas GN. Transmission of HIV-1 in infants born to seropositive mothers: PCR-amplified proviral DNA detected by flow cytometric analysis of immunoreactive beads. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association 1997. PMID: 9215652


  50. Nielsen K, McSherry G, Petru A, Frederick T, Wara D, Bryson Y, Martin N, Hutto C, Ammann AJ, Grubman S, Oleske J, Scott GB. A descriptive survey of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus-infected long-term survivors. Pediatrics 1997. PMID: 9099779


  51. Liang SW, Jemerin JM, Tschann JM, Wara DW, Boyce WT. Life events, frontal electroencephalogram laterality, and functional immune status after acute psychological stressors in adolescents. Psychosomatic medicine 1997. PMID: 9088055


  52. Englund JA, Baker CJ, Raskino C, McKinney RE, Lifschitz MH, Petrie B, Fowler MG, Connor JD, Mendez H, O'Donnell K, Wara DW. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of a large cohort of symptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants and children. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 152 Study Team. The Pediatric infectious disease journal 1996. PMID: 8933553


  53. McIntosh K, Comeau AM, Wara D, Diaz C, Landesman S, Pitt J, Rich K, Lew J, Moye J, Kalish LA. The utility of IgA antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in early diagnosis of vertically transmitted infection. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Women and Infants Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 1996. PMID: 8646309


  54. Chou RH, Wong GB, Kramer JH, Wara DW, Matthay KK, Crittenden MR, Swift PS, Cowan MJ, Wara WM. Toxicities of total-body irradiation for pediatric bone marrow transplantation. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 1996. PMID: 8598361


  55. Boyce WT, Adams S, Tschann JM, Cohen F, Wara D, Gunnar MR. Adrenocortical and behavioral predictors of immune responses to starting school. Pediatric research 1995. PMID: 8618776


  56. Liang SW, Jemerin JM, Tschann JM, Irwin CE, Wara DW, Boyce WT. Life events, cardiovascular reactivity, and risk behavior in adolescent boys. Pediatrics 1995. PMID: 7491228


  57. Just JJ, Abrams E, Louie LG, Urbano R, Wara D, Nicholas SW, Stein Z, King MC. Influence of host genotype on progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Journal of pediatrics 1995. PMID: 7562274


  58. Elder ME, Hope TJ, Parslow TG, Umetsu DT, Wara DW, Cowan MJ. Severe combined immunodeficiency with absence of peripheral blood CD8+ T cells due to ZAP-70 deficiency. Cellular immunology 1995. PMID: 7671314


  59. Boyce WT, Chesney M, Alkon A, Tschann JM, Adams S, Chesterman B, Cohen F, Kaiser P, Folkman S, Wara D. Psychobiologic reactivity to stress and childhood respiratory illnesses: results of two prospective studies. Psychosomatic medicine 1995. PMID: 8552730


  60. Brandeis JM, Baskin LS, Kogan BA, Wara D, Dorenbaum A. Recurrent Staphylococcus aureus renal abscess in a child positive for the human immunodeficiency virus. Urology 1995. PMID: 7624995


  61. Spector SA, Gelber RD, McGrath N, Wara D, Barzilai A, Abrams E, Bryson YJ, Dankner WM, Livingston RA, Connor EM. A controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin for the prevention of serious bacterial infections in children receiving zidovudine for advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group. The New England journal of medicine 1994. PMID: 7935655


  62. Rautonen N, Rautonen J, Martin NL, Wara DW. HIV-1 Tat induces cytokine synthesis by uninfected mononuclear cells. AIDS (London, England) 1994. PMID: 7818827


  63. Kliks SC, Wara DW, Landers DV, Levy JA. Features of HIV-1 that could influence maternal-child transmission. JAMA 1994. PMID: 8040983


  64. Jenkins M, Landers D, Williams-Herman D, Wara D, Viscarello RR, Hammill HA, Kline MW, Shearer WT, Charlebois ED, Kohl S. Association between anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity antibody titers at birth and vertical transmission of HIV-1. The Journal of infectious diseases 1994. PMID: 8035015


  65. Rautonen J, Rautonen N, Martin NL, Wara DW. HIV type 1 Tat protein induces immunoglobulin and interleukin 6 synthesis by uninfected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AIDS research and human retroviruses 1994. PMID: 7986583


  66. Rautonen N, White C, Martin NL, Wara DW, Salo E, Pelkonen P, Rautonen J. Antibodies in HIV Tat in Kawasaki disease. Lancet (London, England) 1994. PMID: 7908382


  67. Benkerrou M, Wara DW, Elder M, Dror Y, Merino A, Colombe BW, Garovoy M, Cowan MJ. Anti-tetanus toxoid antibody production after mismatched T cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation. Journal of clinical immunology 1994. PMID: 8195318


  68. Rosendorf LL, Dafni U, Amato DA, Lunghofer B, Bartlett JG, Leedom JM, Wara DW, Armstrong JA, Godfrey E, Sukkestad E. Performance evaluation in multicenter clinical trials: development of a model by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Controlled clinical trials 1993. PMID: 8119067


  69. Wara DW, Luzuriaga K, Martin NL, Sullivan JL, Bryson YJ. Maternal transmission and diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus during infancy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1993. PMID: 8267258


  70. Boyce WT, Chesterman EA, Martin N, Folkman S, Cohen F, Wara D. Immunologic changes occurring at kindergarten entry predict respiratory illnesses after the Loma Prieta earthquake. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP 1993. PMID: 8254059


  71. Dror Y, Gallagher R, Wara DW, Colombe BW, Merino A, Benkerrou M, Cowan MJ. Immune reconstitution in severe combined immunodeficiency disease after lectin-treated, T-cell-depleted haplocompatible bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1993. PMID: 8471764


  72. Siller L, Martin NL, Kostuchenko P, Beckett L, Rautonen J, Cheng SC, Wara DW. Serum levels of soluble CD8, neopterin, beta 2-microglobulin and p24 antigen as indicators of disease progression in children with AIDS on zidovudine therapy. AIDS (London, England) 1993. PMID: 8097095


  73. Weintrub PS, Wara DW, Duliege AM. Failure of intravenous pentamidine prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The Journal of pediatrics 1993. PMID: 8419606


  74. Rautonen N, Martin NL, Rautonen J, Rooks Y, Mentzer WC, Wara DW. Low number of antibody producing cells in patients with sickle cell anemia. Immunology letters 1992. PMID: 1487307


  75. Bryson YJ, Luzuriaga K, Sullivan JL, Wara DW. Proposed definitions for in utero versus intrapartum transmission of HIV-1. The New England journal of medicine 1992. PMID: 1406816


  76. Schiødt M, Dodd CL, Greenspan D, Daniels TE, Chernoff D, Hollander H, Wara D, Greenspan JS. Natural history of HIV-associated salivary gland disease. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology 1992. PMID: 1407995


  77. Wiencke JK, Wara DW, Little JB, Kelsey KT. Heterogeneity in the clastogenic response to X-rays in lymphocytes from ataxia-telangiectasia heterozygotes and controls. Cancer causes & control : CCC 1992. PMID: 1610970


  78. Just J, Louie L, Abrams E, Nicholas SW, Wara D, Stein Z, King MC. Genetic risk factors for perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology 1992. PMID: 1584723


  79. Martin NL, Rautonen J, Crombleholme W, Rautonen N, Wara DW. A screening test for the detection of anti-HIV-1 IgA in young infants. Immunological investigations 1992. PMID: 1548047


  80. Epling CL, Stites DP, McHugh TM, Chong HO, Blackwood LL, Wara DW. Neutrophil function screening in patients with chronic granulomatous disease by a flow cytometric method. Cytometry 1992. PMID: 1451593


  81. Rautonen J, Rautonen N, Martin NL, Philip R, Wara DW. Serum interleukin-6 concentrations are elevated and associated with elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha and immunoglobulin G and A concentrations in children with HIV infection. AIDS (London, England) 1991. PMID: 1768380


  82. Thaler MM, Park CK, Landers DV, Wara DW, Houghton M, Veereman-Wauters G, Sweet RL, Han JH. Vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus. Lancet (London, England) 1991. PMID: 1676085


  83. Rautonen J, Martin NI, Rautonen N, Wara DW. Neopterin in diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in infants. Journal of clinical microbiology 1991. PMID: 1890191


  84. Martin NL, Levy JA, Legg H, Weintrub PS, Cowan MJ, Wara DW. Detection of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 in infants by an anti-HIV immunoglobulin A assay using recombinant proteins. The Journal of pediatrics 1991. PMID: 1705583


  85. Halberg FE, Wara WM, Weaver KE, Wara DW, Ablin AR, Matthay KK, Mentzer WC, O'Leary MC, Cowan MJ. Total body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation for immunodeficiency disorders in young children. Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology 1990. PMID: 2247633


  86. Curry CJ, O'Lague P, Tsai J, Hutchison HT, Jaspers NG, Wara D, Gatti RA, Hutchinson HT. ATFresno: a phenotype linking ataxia-telangiectasia with the Nijmegen breakage syndrome. American journal of human genetics 1989. PMID: 2491181


  87. Schiødt M, Greenspan D, Daniels TE, Nelson J, Leggott PJ, Wara DW, Greenspan JS. Parotid gland enlargement and xerostomia associated with labial sialadenitis in HIV-infected patients. Journal of autoimmunity 1989. PMID: 2789646


  88. Edwards JR, Ulrich PP, Weintrub PS, Cowan MJ, Levy JA, Wara DW, Vyas GN. Polymerase chain reaction compared with concurrent viral cultures for rapid identification of human immunodeficiency virus infection among high-risk infants and children. The Journal of pediatrics 1989. PMID: 2754549


  89. Silverman S, Wara D. Oral manifestations of pediatric AIDS. Pediatrician 1989. PMID: 2692005


  90. Cowan MJ, Walker C, Culver K, Weintrub PS, Wara DW, Levy JA. Maternally transmitted HIV infection in children. AIDS (London, England) 1988. PMID: 3149491


  91. English BK, Burchett SK, English JD, Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Wilson CB. Production of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor by human neonatal mononuclear cells. Pediatric research 1988. PMID: 3264607


  92. Cowan MJ, Shannon KM, Wara DW, Ammann AJ. Rejection of bone marrow transplant and resistance of alloantigen reactive cells to in vivo deoxyadenosine in adenosine deaminase deficiency. Clinical immunology and immunopathology 1988. PMID: 2971490


  93. Ray PE, Rigolizzo D, Wara DR, Piel CF. Naproxen nephrotoxicity in a 2-year-old child. American journal of diseases of children (1960) 1988. PMID: 3358393


  94. Culver KW, Ammann AJ, Partridge JC, Wong DF, Wara DW, Cowan MJ. Lymphocyte abnormalities in infants born to drug-abusing mothers. The Journal of pediatrics 1987. PMID: 3039102


  95. Rutherford GW, Oliva GE, Grossman M, Green JR, Wara DW, Shaw NS, Echenberg DF, Wofsy CB, Weinstein DH, Stroud F. Guidelines for the control of perinatally transmitted human immunodeficiency virus infection and care of infected mothers, infants and children. The Western journal of medicine 1987. PMID: 3424801


  96. Leggott PJ, Robertson PB, Greenspan D, Wara DW, Greenspan JS. Oral manifestation of primary and acquired immunodeficiency diseases in children. Pediatric dentistry 1987. PMID: 3475688


  97. Matthay K, Wara DW, Ablin AJ, Cowan MJ. Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation using soybean agglutinin-processed, T-depleted marrow. Transplantation proceedings 1987. PMID: 3274578


  98. Cowan MJ, McHugh T, Smith W, Wara D, Matthay K, Ablin A, Casavant C, Stites D. Lymphocyte reconstitution in children receiving soybean agglutinin T-depleted bone marrow transplants. Transplantation proceedings 1987. PMID: 3274585


  99. Ammann AJ, Cowan M, Wara D, Heyman M, Thaler MM, Buckley R, Lawton A, Vogler LB, Hirschhorn R. Alpha-fetoprotein levels in immunodeficiency. The New England journal of medicine 1986. PMID: 2419754


  100. Lee SI, Heiner DC, Wara D. Development of serum IgG subclass levels in children. Monographs in allergy 1986. PMID: 3762538


  101. Cowan MJ, Wara DW, Weintrub PS, Pabst H, Ammann AJ. Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency disease using soybean agglutinin-negative, T-depleted marrow cells. Journal of clinical immunology 1985. PMID: 3910675


  102. Cowan MJ, Wara DW, Ammann AJ. Deoxycytidine therapy in two patients with adenosine deaminase deficiency and severe immunodeficiency disease. Clinical immunology and immunopathology 1985. PMID: 3161676


  103. Ammann AJ, Johnson A, Fyfe GA, Leonards R, Wara DW, Cowan MJ. Behçet syndrome. The Journal of pediatrics 1985. PMID: 4009339


  104. Wara DW. Immune regulation: what immunodeficiency disease has taught us. The Journal of investigative dermatology 1985. PMID: 2989376


  105. Chudwin DS, Wara DW, Schiffman G, Artrip SG, Ammann AJ. Maternal-fetal transfer of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antibodies. American journal of diseases of children (1960) 1985. PMID: 3976628


  106. Crawford DH, Weller I, Iliescu V, Wara DW. Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection in homosexual men in London. The British journal of venereal diseases 1984. PMID: 6331569


  107. Matthay KK, Golbus MS, Wara DW, Mentzer WC. Prenatal diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. American journal of medical genetics 1984. PMID: 6720741


  108. Ochs HD, Fischer SH, Wedgwood RJ, Wara DW, Cowan MJ, Ammann AJ, Saxon A, Budinger MD, Allred RU, Rousell RH. Comparison of high-dose and low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. The American journal of medicine 1984. PMID: 6424461


  109. Cowan MJ, Hellmann D, Chudwin D, Wara DW, Chang RS, Ammann AJ. Maternal transmission of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Pediatrics 1984. PMID: 6608091


  110. Cowan MJ, Martin DW, Wara DW, Ammann AJ. Intravenous deoxycytidine therapy in a patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 1984. PMID: 6609530


  111. Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Cowan MJ. Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1984. PMID: 6242000


  112. Chudwin DS, Ammann AJ, Cowan MJ, Wara DW. Significance of a positive antinuclear antibody test in a pediatric population. American journal of diseases of children (1960) 1983. PMID: 6356882


  113. Hellmann D, Cowan MJ, Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Chudwin D, Chang RS. Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infections in two immunodeficient patients. The Journal of pediatrics 1983. PMID: 6312007


  114. Chudwin DS, Cowan MJ, Greenberg PL, Wara DW, Ammann AJ. Response of agranulocytosis to prolonged antithymocyte globulin therapy. The Journal of pediatrics 1983. PMID: 6875713


  115. Savouret JF, Chudwin DS, Wara DW, Ammann AJ, Cowan MJ, Miller WL. Clinical and laboratory findings in childhood mixed connective tissue disease: presence of antibody to ribonucleoprotein containing the small nuclear ribonucleic acid U1. The Journal of pediatrics 1983. PMID: 6189985


  116. Ammann AJ, Cowan MJ, Wara DW, Weintrub P, Dritz S, Goldman H, Perkins HA. Acquired immunodeficiency in an infant: possible transmission by means of blood products. Lancet (London, England) 1983. PMID: 6132270


  117. Chudwin DS, Wara DW, Lameris-Martin NB, Ammann AJ. Effect of antibody concentration on opsonic requirements for phagocytosis in vitro of Streptococcus pneumoniae types 7 and 19. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) 1983. PMID: 6402784


  118. Ammann AJ, Cowan MJ, Martin DW, Wara DW. Dipyridamole and intravenous deoxycytidine therapy in a patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Birth defects original article series 1983. PMID: 6652234


  119. Chudwin DS, Wara DW, Matthay KK, Caulfield MH, Schiffmann G, Mentzer WC, Ammann AJ. Increased serum opsonic activity and antibody concentration in patients with sickle cell disease after pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization. The Journal of pediatrics 1983. PMID: 6848728


  120. Chudwin DS, Cowan MJ, Wara DW, Ammann AJ. Patients with abnormal proportions of T-lymphocyte subsets have reduced in vitro cellular immunity. Clinical immunology and immunopathology 1983. PMID: 6223739


  121. Chudwin DS, Wara DW, Cowan MJ, Ammann AJ. Aspergillus pneumonia in chronic granulomatous disease: recurrence and long-term outcome. Acta paediatrica Scandinavica 1982. PMID: 7158331


  122. Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Cowan MJ, Barrett DJ, Stiehm ER. The DiGeorge syndrome and the fetal alcohol syndrome. American journal of diseases of children (1960) 1982. PMID: 6812410


  123. Chudwin DS, Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Cowan MJ, Phibbs RH. Posttransfusion syndrome. Rash, eosinophilia, and thrombocytopenia following intrauterine and exchange transfusions. American journal of diseases of children (1960) 1982. PMID: 7201237


  124. McClure JE, Lameris N, Wara DW, Goldstein AL. Immunochemical studies on thymosin: radioimmunoassay of thymosin alpha 1. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1982. PMID: 7054279


  125. Ammann AJ, Ashman RF, Buckley RH, Hardie WR, Krantmann HJ, Nelson J, Ochs H, Stiehm ER, Tiller T, Wara DW, Wedgwood R. Use of intravenous gamma-globulin in antibody immunodeficiency: results of a multicenter controlled trial. Clinical immunology and immunopathology 1982. PMID: 6749355


  126. Barrett DJ, Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Cowan MJ, Fisher TJ, Stiehm ER. Clinical and immunologic spectrum of the DiGeorge syndrome. Journal of clinical & laboratory immunology 1981. PMID: 6973633


  127. Chudwin DS, Cowan MJ, Wara DW, Johnson AC. Lung involvement in progressive vaccinia. The Western journal of medicine 1981. PMID: 6973241


  128. Barrett DJ, Stenmark S, Wara DW, Ammann AJ. Helper cell function of human fetal thymocytes. Cellular immunology 1981. PMID: 6971179


  129. Wara DW. Host defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae: the role of the spleen. Reviews of infectious diseases 1981. PMID: 7256088


  130. Ammann AJ, Schiffman G, Addiego JE, Wara WM, Wara DW. Immunization of immunosuppressed patients with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Reviews of infectious diseases 1981. PMID: 7280446


  131. Kondo LL, Rosenau W, Wara DW. Role of lymphotoxin in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1981. PMID: 6970216


  132. Chudwin DS, Daniels TE, Wara DW, Ammann AJ, Barrett DJ, Whitcher JP, Cowan MJ. Spectrum of Sjögren syndrome in children. The Journal of pediatrics 1981. PMID: 7463216


  133. Cowan MJ, Fujiwara P, Wara DW, Ammann AJ. Effect of thymosin on cellular immunity in old age. Mechanisms of ageing and development 1981. PMID: 6456383


  134. Matthay KK, Mentzer WC, Wara DW, Preisler HK, Lameris NB, Ammann AJ. Evaluation of the opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes VII, XIV, and XIX by chemiluminescence assay. Infection and immunity 1981. PMID: 7216447


  135. Wara DW. Thymic hormones and the immune system. Advances in pediatrics 1981. PMID: 6280461


  136. Sander JE, Malamud N, Cowan MJ, Packman S, Amman AJ, Wara DW. Intermittent ataxia and immunodeficiency with multiple carboxylase deficiencies: a biotin-responsive disorder. Annals of neurology 1980. PMID: 7436398


  137. Barrett DJ, Stenmark S, Wara DW, Ammann AJ. Immunoregulation in aged humans. Clinical immunology and immunopathology 1980. PMID: 6447566


  138. Barrett DJ, Wara DW, Ammann AJ, Cowan MJ. Thymosin therapy in the DiGeorge syndrome. The Journal of pediatrics 1980. PMID: 7381650


  139. Barrett DJ, Ammann AJ, Stenmark S, Wara DW. Immunoglobulin G and M antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharides detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Infection and immunity 1980. PMID: 7380537


  140. Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Pillarisetty RJ, Talal N. The prevalence of autoantibodies in T-cell, B-cell, and phagocytic immunodeficiency disorders. Clinical immunology and immunopathology 1979. PMID: 315850


  141. Wara DW, Barrett DJ. Cell-mediated immunity in the newborn: clinical aspects. Pediatrics 1979. PMID: 315535


  142. Cowan MJ, Wara DW, Packman S, Ammann AJ, Yoshino M, Sweetman L, Nyhan W. Multiple biotin-dependent carboxylase deficiencies associated with defects in T-cell and B-cell immunity. Lancet (London, England) 1979. PMID: 88554


  143. Wara WM, Wara DW, Ammann AJ, Barnard JL, Phillips TL. Immunosuppression and reconstitution with thymosin after radiation therapy. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 1979. PMID: 511632


  144. Barrett DJ, Bertani L, Wara DW, Ammann AJ. Milk precipitins in selective IgA deficiency. Annals of allergy 1979. PMID: 570365


  145. Wara DW, Barrett DJ, Ammann AJ, Cowan MJ. In vitro and in vivo enhancement of mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity by thymosin in patients with primary immunodeficiency disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1979. PMID: 161150


  146. Wara WM, Ammann AJ, Wara DW. Effect of thymosin and irradiation on immune modulation in head and neck and esophageal cancer patients. Cancer treatment reports 1978. PMID: 728896


  147. Cowan MJ, Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Howie VM, Schultz L, Doyle N, Kaplan M. Pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization in infants and children. Pediatrics 1978. PMID: 31592


  148. Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Allen T. Immunotherapy and immunopathologic studies in a patient with nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Clinical immunology and immunopathology 1978. PMID: 97038


  149. Wara DW, Ammann AJ. Thymosin treatment of children with primary immunodeficiency disease. Transplantation proceedings 1978. PMID: 305674


  150. Daentl DL, Townsend JJ, Siegel RC, Godman JR, Piel CF, Wara DW, Bachmann RP. Familial nephrosis, hydrocephalus, thin skin, blue sclerae syndrome: clinical, structural and biochemical studies. Birth defects original article series 1978. PMID: 728573


  151. Ammann AJ, Addiego J, Wara DW, Lubin B, Smith WB, Mentzer WC. Polyvalent pneumococcal-polysaccharide immunization of patients with sickle-cell anemia and patients with splenectomy. The New England journal of medicine 1977. PMID: 20575


  152. Sandman R, Ammann AJ, Grose C, Wara DW. Cellular immunodeficiency associated with nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Immunologic and biochemical studies. Clinical immunology and immunopathology 1977. PMID: 198175


  153. Ammann AJ, Wara WM, Wara DW, Phillips TL. Immunologic competence in adults following thymic irradiation in infancy. Radiology 1977. PMID: 866641


  154. Wara DW. Laboratory diagnosis of immunodeficiency disease. Pediatric clinics of North America 1977. PMID: 854375


  155. Greenberg D, Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Kaltreider HB. Immunity to Aspergillus in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. The Journal of pediatrics 1977. PMID: 320301


  156. Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Pillarisetty RJ, Talal N. Autoantibody, autoimmune disease, and immunodeficiency. Arthritis and rheumatism 1977. PMID: 318125


  157. Ammann AJ, Borg D, Kondo L, Wara DW. Quantitation of B cells in peripheral blood by polyacrylamide beads coated with anti-human chain antibody. Journal of immunological methods 1977. PMID: 410892


  158. Wara DW, Ammann AJ. Editorial: Thymic cells and humoral factors as therapeutic agents. Pediatrics 1976. PMID: 1084986


  159. Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Doyle NE, Golbus MS. Thymus transplantation in patients with thymic hypoplasia and abnormal immunoglobulin synthesis. Transplantation 1975. PMID: 1209726


  160. Wara DW, Ammann AJ. Letter: Effect of thymosin on B-lymphocyte function. The New England journal of medicine 1975. PMID: 1080248


  161. Ammann AJ, Wara DW. Evaluation of infants and children with recurrent infection. Current problems in pediatrics 1975. PMID: 1175390


  162. Ammann AJ, Wara DW. Letter: Maternal-fetal graft vs host reaction. The Journal of pediatrics 1975. PMID: 239110


  163. Wara WM, Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Phillips TL. Serum IgA in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal and paranasal sinus carcinoma. Radiology 1975. PMID: 1153745


  164. Wara DW, Ammann AJ, Lipow HW, Diamond LK. Letter: Rosette-forming cells. Lancet (London, England) 1975. PMID: 48928


  165. Giblett ER, Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Sandman R, Diamond LK. Nucleoside-phosphorylase deficiency in a child with severely defective T-cell immunity and normal B-cell immunity. Lancet (London, England) 1975. PMID: 48676


  166. Wara WM, Wara DW, Phillips TL, Ammann AJ. Elevated IGA in carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Cancer 1975. PMID: 1122483


  167. Wara DW, Reiter EO, Doyle NE, Gewurz H, Ammann AJ. Persistent Clq deficiency in a patient with a systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome. The Journal of pediatrics 1975. PMID: 1079532


  168. Wara WM, Phillips TL, Wara DW, Ammann AJ, Smith V. Immunosuppression following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the nasopharynx. The American journal of roentgenology, radium therapy, and nuclear medicine 1975. PMID: 804821


  169. Wara DW, Ammann AJ. Activation of T-cells rosettes in immunodeficient patients by thymosin. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1975. PMID: 1079429


  170. Wara DW, Goldstein AL, Doyle NE, Ammann AJ. Thymosin activity in patients with cellular immunodeficiency. The New England journal of medicine 1975. PMID: 1078552


  171. Wara DW, Golbus MS, Ammann AJ. Fetal thymus glands obtained from prostaglandin-induced abortions. Cellular immune function in vitro and evidence of in vivo thymocyte activity following transplantation. Transplantation 1974. PMID: 4154522


  172. Ammann AJ, Wara D, Salmon S. Transfer factor: therapy in patients with deficient cell-mediated immunity and deficient antibody-mediated immunity. Cellular immunology 1974. PMID: 4156497


  173. Wara DW, Reiter EO, Ammann AJ, Kaplan SL. Letter: T-cell rosettes in thyrotoxic Grave's disease. The New England journal of medicine 1973. PMID: 4543183


  174. Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Salmon S, Perkins H. Thymus transplantation. Permanent reconstitution of cellular immunity in a patient with sex-linked combined immunodeficiency. The New England journal of medicine 1973. PMID: 4145369